Answer the question, drawing on readings, lectures, and class discussion in 1,000 to 1,500 words.

Please cite page authors and page numbers in the parenthesis in the text. (Gelvin, pp. 1) Please cite lectures by lecture number and title (Seikaly, Lecture Two: What is Orientalism?)

Topic: Draw on readings (Gelvin, Rodrigue, Stein) and lecture (who is constitutionalist ?) to discuss differences and sameness from the Ottoman Empire into the rise of modern Turkey. Engage the Tanzimat, Osmanlilik, terms like majority and minority, and what happens to the difference in the consolidation of the nation-state.