What is the relationship between sex and gender? Compare and contrast FOUR main sociological approaches to this question (ie the biological approach, Anne Oakley’s approach, Butler’s approach and the embodiment approach).

What is the relationship between sex and gender? Compare and contrast FOUR main sociological approaches to this question (ie the biological approach, Anne Oakley’s approach, Butler’s approach and the embodiment approach). Illustrate each theoretical approach by drawing on at least one research study for each approach.

Please use 8 of the following sources:
Jackson (1998) Theorising gender and sexuality, in Jackson S and Jones J (eds) Contemporary Feminist Theories, Edinburgh University Press, chapter 10

Harrison W C (2006) The shadow and the substance in Davis K et al (eds) Handbook of Gender and Women’s Studies, Sage (a really riveting article)

Butler, J (2005) “Bodies that Matter” in Fraser M and Greco M The Body a Reader, Routledge p 62-65 (a very short extract from her book: Butler (1993) Bodies that Matter, Routledge)

Jagger G (2008) Judith Butler, Routledge esp introd and chs 1 & 2

Laqueur T (2005) Orgasm, generation and the politics of reproductive biology in Fraser & Greco (eds) The Body, p 151-7

Fausto-Sterling A (2002) The five sexes: why male and female are not enough, in Williams and Stein
Sexuality and Gender pp 468-473.

Butler J (2002) Performative Subversions in Jackson and Scott (eds) Gender: a Sociological Reader, Routledge pages 48-50 (a very short extract from her book: Butler (1990) Gender Trouble, Routledge)

Smart (1992) Disruptive bodies and unruly sex: the regulation of reproduction and sexuality in the 19th century in C Smart (ed) Regulating Womanhood (A riveting study, using a poststucturalist framework to deconstruct discourses of gender in the 19th century)

Shilling (2000) The body, ch 29 in Browning, Halchi and Webster (eds) Understanding Contemporary Society, pp 415-431

Bradley H (2007) Gender, especially intro & chs 2 & 3 (very easy to understand – a good intro to it)

Connell R W (2002) Gender, esp ch 3

Kimmel M S (2004) The Gendered Society, chs 2 & 3

Lorber J (1994) Paradoxes of Gender, esp ch 1 to 4

Tong R (1998) Feminist Thought ch 6

Harrison W C and Williams J H (2002) Beyond Sex and Gender (riveting but quite difficult to read)

Brackett-Milburn K & McKie L (2001) (eds) Constructing Gendered Bodies

Barrett M (2000) “Postmodern Feminism,” in Browning et al Understanding Contemporary Societies