1. What is a characteristic of quasi-experimental research?

(a) assignment to groups based on some pre-determined characteristic
(b) has the highest degree of control over the factors being examined
(c) does not establish cause and effect relationships
(d) assignment to groups is random in nature

2. Factorial designs are experiments that can best be defined by which of these statements?

(a) have more than one independent variable
(b) have one dependent variable
(c) have one independent variable
(d) are tested on math problems

Correct answer and why?