Order Description
The attached file is good written but needs some modification. So, please rewrite it in a new order according to the outline below, and also read the comments of advisor carefully to be included in the new paper:
1. State Sorsby’s position on genetics and myopia – almost totally under genetic control
“It may therefore be taken as established that the dimensions of the optical components, the efficiency of the mechanism co-ordinating the growth of the components and thus the refraction of the eye are all genetically determined. The modes of inheritance and the possibility that environmental factors have a minor modifying influence are the principal problems now awaiting clarification.”
This is the reference:
Sorsby A, Sheridan, M., Leary, G.A. . Refraction and its components in twins. Medical Research Council Memorandum; 303 (Special), 1962.
2. Contrast this with the evidence for rapid increases in prevalence, which are incompatible with this idea (I’ll upload the introduction that I already wrote it)
i. Francis Young & Robert Morgan , 1960s
ii. Taiwan studies, 1980s
iii. Singaporean studies, 1980s
iv. Maria Edwards, 3 generation, 1980-1990
References:
a. Morgan RW, Munro M. Refractive problems in Northern natives. Can J Ophthalmol 1973;8:226-8.
b. Morgan RW, Speakman JS, Grimshaw SE. Inuit myopia: an environmentally induced “epidemic”? Can Med Assn J 1975;112:575-7.
c. Young FA, Leary GA, Baldwin WR, West DC, Box RA, Harris E, et al. The transmission of refractive errors within eskimo families. Optom Vis Sci 1969;46:676-85.
d. Young FA, Leary GA, Box RA, Harris E, Baldwin WR, West DC, et al. Comparison of cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refractions of Eskimos. Optom Vis Sci 1971;48:814-25.
e. Lin LL, Shih YF, Hsiao CK, Chen CJ. Prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000. Annals Acad Med, Singapore 2004;33:27-33.
f. Lin LL, Shih YF, Hsiao CK, Chen CJ, Lee LA, Hung PT. Epidemiologic study of the prevalence and severity of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan in 2000. J Formosan Med Assn 2001;100:684-91.
g. Lin LL, Shih YF, Tsai CB, Chen CJ, Lee LA, Hung PT, et al. Epidemiologic study of ocular refraction among schoolchildren in Taiwan in 1995. Optom Vis Sci 1999;76:275-81.
h. Shih YF, Chiang TH, Lin LL. Lens thickness changes among schoolchildren in Taiwan. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:2637-44.
i. Fang YT, Chou YJ, Pu C, Lin PJ, Liu TL, Huang N, et al. Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a nationwide study. Eye 2013;27:418-24.
j. Au Eong KG, Tay TH, Lim MK. Education and myopia in 110,236 young Singaporean males. Singapore Med J 1993;34:489-92.
k. Chew SJ, Chia SC, Lee LK. The pattern of myopia in young Singaporean men. Singapore Med J 1988;29:201-11.
l. Tay MT, Au Eong KG, Ng CY, Lim MK. Myopia and educational attainment in 421,116 young Singaporean males. Annals Acad Med, Singapore 1992;21: 785-91.
m. Saw SM, Carkeet A, Chia KS, Stone RA, Tan DT. Component dependent risk factors for ocular parameters in Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmol 2002;109:2065-71.
n. Wu HM, Seet B, Yap EP, Saw SM, Lim TH, Chia KS. Does education explain ethnic differences in myopia prevalence? A population-based study of young adult males in Singapore. Optom Vis Sci 2001;78:234-9.
o. Wu MM, Edwards MH. The effect of having myopic parents: an analysis of myopia in three generations. Optometry & Vision Science. 1999 Jun 1;76(6):387-92.

3. Recognise that myopia is aetiologically heterogeneous, with a lot of rare genetic forms and a major form called school myopia. In places where children get minimal schooling, myopia prevalence is very low, and much may be genetic in origin, but in places where schooling is intensive, most children become myopic, unless they have a life style which gets them outside a lot.

4. So Why did the genetic argument wrong;

i) Low myopia & stable population.
ii) Heretability misunderstood.
iii) Parental myopia – yes but doesn’t explain epidemics; genes or environmental.
iv) Ethenicity – evidence against migratory population (for example Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney) & early rural older population who aren’t myopic