As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

Respond in two or three paragraphs.

1) Introduction (one page)
2) Literature review (five sentences each title about one page and half )
3) Abstract (half page)

The introduction will be one page, please formulate what I copied from these articles in your own words. The project is a “requested bus system where customers or passengers can save their waiting time and bus stop delays and transit companies will save money in terms of vehicle size and and fuel ect.”

Introduction:
Local public transport systems are usually based on different combinations of fixed route services, such as trains, subway, trams and buses. These services provide regular and often frequent services between fixed locations in the network. The vehicles travel along predefined routes at scheduled times. However, the fixed route services do not satisfy the needs of all the customers wanting to use the public transport system and do not satisfy the companies’ expenses sometimes big buses with only one passenger. For many people, especially the elderly and disabled persons, it can be difficult to use the services.
It is therefore necessary to introduce some form of transportation service that is designed to satisfy all customers and transit companies. This service is often called dial bus. It is normally demand responsive and is used as a complement to the regular, fixed route service, to build a local public transportation system that satisfies the mobility needs of the whole population.
One common form of requested …. is to operate it as a dial-a-ride service, where customers send in requests to management center and the transportation is carried out from bus stop to bus stop. The question is how to balance the service level against the cost of operating the service. Dial-a-ride service is a quite expensive form of transportation service, and in order to develop a cost-efficient service, it is important to know how different system design affects both the level of service for the customers and the cost for the operator. It is also important that the procedures for the operational planning of the service, in terms of routing and scheduling, work efficiently, and that the operator knows how changes in the design and use of procedures affect the solution; both in terms of customer service and operating costs. The proposed system consists of dynamic route adjustment based on the demand (number of passengers) and size of vehicles (if the number of passengers requested the ride is 4 we don’t need an extra-large bus the carry them a small vehicle will play the role), which can enhance bus performance via real-time operational responses not only to traffic conditions but to passenger requests. Eventually the system will encourage bus ridership, and improve the mobility, sustainability and safety of urban transportation.
When operating a dial-a-ride service, the planning problem is to design routes and schedules for a fleet of vehicles, given a set of requests for transportation and also possibly taking future requests into account. The set of travel requests can include individual passengers or groups of passengers, with specified origins and destinations. The schedules have to satisfy passengers’ requirements in terms of user inconvenience, e.g. defined by waiting times, maximal travel times or deviations from desired departure and arrival times.
The overall goal is to minimize a combination of user inconvenience and operating costs.
This problem is known as the dial-a-ride problem (DARP) and is a special case of the vehicle routing problem with pick-ups and deliveries. What makes DARP special is the necessity of balancing user inconvenience (service level) against the operating costs for transporting passengers.
In this paper, we present a modeling system for simulating dynamic dial-a-ride services.
The system is called DARS (Dial-a-Ride Simulator). Given a set of requests with specified call-in times for a planning period, the system simulates the operative planning and generates vehicle itineraries based on customer requirements and operational costs. The aim of this paper is to describe the system, and the need for, and use of, it. To exemplify the use of DARS, we perform a simulation study evaluating the impact of customer related costs.
DARS can be used as a tool to understand and study how different system designs and different ways to operate a dial-a-ride service affect the performance and efficiency of the service. Also, it can be used to investigate how the settings of service and cost parameters affect the total cost for the operator and level of service for the customers. Further, DARS can also be used to study changes in planning methodology and investigate the effects of using different heuristics to compute travel schedules.

For the literature review I gave you a number of articles to compare with my project by mentioning that my project is solving some of their challenges and some problems they did not talk about. You don’t have to read everything the abstract and the introductions may be enough. You can Google these titles.

Literature review:

1) Multipath Routing and Load Sharing using game theory

The proposed system Joyoung Lee, Ph.D.; Liuhui Zhao, Ph.D.; Steven I. Chien, Ph.D; Guiling Wang, Ph.D.; Xin Gao. consists of dynamic route adjustment and smart transfer sub-systems, however this proposal will avoid transfer and avoid bus delay. Given the new system, passengers are able to request origin and time without any hold. This project did not include traffic constraints and other transportation constraints.

2) Development and Evaluation of Smart Bus System

Whenever an organization, in the business of providing mobility, is entrusted with moving goods and people a natural question that arises is how efficiently can that organization provide the services and how these optimization problems, which are often difficult to solve using traditional optimization tools, have been solved using genetic algorithms are explained.

3) Optimal Routing and Scheduling in Transportation: Using Genetic Algorithm to Solve Difficult Optimization

In this paper, a vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic travel times due to potential traffic congestion is considered. The approach developed introduces mainly the traffic congestion component based on queueing theory

4) Planning and Scheduling Transportation Vehicle fleet in a Congested Traffic Environment

A new transit operating strategy is presented in which service vehicles operate in pairs with the lead vehicle providing an all-stop local service and the following vehicle being allowed to skip some stops as an express service. The underlying scheduling problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem with the objective of minimizing the total costs for both operators and passengers. A sensitivity analysis using a real-life example is performed to identify the conditions under which the proposed operating strategy is most advantageous.

5) Real-Time Optimization Model for Dynamic Scheduling of Transit Operations

The challenge that transit agencies are facing is to make these increases permanent by maintaining transit’s competitive edge over the private vehicle with more dense and reliable service. In this research paper, we correlate travel time obtained from buses to travel time obtained from floating vehicles in the Twin Cities metropolitan region.
This research helps to introduce more reliable estimates of travel time for planning new and competitive transit services.

6) Bus transit service planning and operations in a competitive environment

The objective of this paper is to develop an optimum bus assignment method using Linear Programming (LP) so that buses can be assigned based on the demand distribution of passengers for each route at a given shift.

7) Modeling and Analysis of Bus Scheduling Systems of Urban Public Bus Transport

While long-haul express transit is gaining ridership, consumers are increasingly experiencing limited access to express transit due to saturated parking at and around stations. The smart shuttle concept was introduced to provide easy access to express transit. Smart shuttles will be equipped with advanced public transit system technologies to track shuttle vehicle locations and disseminate up-to-the-minute shuttle arrival information to consumers.

9) Smart Feeder/Shuttle Bus Service: Consumer Research and Design
10) Bus Transit Operations Control: Review and an Experiment Involving Tri-Met’s Automated Bus Dispatching System

I need a half page as an Abstract for this report.