Question 

Question 1

One truth about factory farms is

Answer

they rarely inflict any genuine suffering on animals.

most animals we eat are from them.

they are necessary to feed the world.

they are run by brutal people.

Question 2

“Pollution permits” are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

Answer

pricing mechanisms

government subsidies

a laissez-faire approach

regulations

Question 3

The “tragedy of the commons” is

Answer

the lack of a commons—a common place where people can come together.

the failure to appreciate what we have in common with other species.

that cost-benefit analysis involves value judgments that we do not share in common.

that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off.

Question 4

The philosopher Tom Regan

Answer

claims that no impartial morally sensitive person could approve of the treatment of animals in factory farms if he or she knew what was going on.

argues against the use of governmental regulations to control the actions of businesses.

believes that the FTC should be abolished.

denies that non-human animals have any moral rights.

Question 5

Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

Answer

regulation can take away an industry’s incentive to do more than the minimum

regulation is an incentive to an industry to do more than the minimum

regulation does not apply to all equally

does not require polluters to use the strongest most feasible means of pollution control.

Question 6

The moral theorist William T. Blackstone claims that the right to a livable environment

Answer

would solve the problem of how to conserve resources.        

prevents the use of government regulation to control the actions of business.

is a fundamental human right.

implies that non-human animals have no genuine moral rights.

Question 7

Concerning future generations,

Answer

all philosophers today reject the idea that future people have rights

utilitarianism dictates a radical reduction in population growth

future people have a right to be born

the social and environmental policies we adopt can affect who is born in the future

Question 8

According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,

Answer

future generations of people have a right to be born.

future generations have no moral rights.

we have no duties to future generations.

the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence.

Question 9

According to Shaw and Barry, utilitarians

Answer

focus on human well-being and ignore animal welfare.

oppose animal experimentation in principle.

should include nonhuman animal pleasures and pains in the overall utilitarian calculus.

are likely to favor factory farming.

Question 10

William F. Baxter addresses environmental ethics by noting

Answer

the best ethical position to adopt on environmental issues is a naturalistic position.

non-human animals have intrinsic value.

judgments about environmental problems ought to be people-oriented.

damage to geological “marvels” is inherently wrong and should be prevented.

Question 11

Animal manure

Answer

is not available in sufficient quantities to replenish agricultural land.

is a large source of pollution.

helps counteract the “greenhouse effect”.

is potentially more dangerous than nuclear power.

Question 12

According to Holmes Rolston III,

Answer

naturalistic ethics ought to be abandoned

some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests

all moral rights are derived from the interests of human beings

nature has no value apart from human beings.

Question 13

A moral vegetarian

Answer

rejects eating meat based on moral grounds

only eats animal that were raised humanely

does not believe animals suffer

the pleasure we get from eating a hamburger justifies the price the animals pay.

Question 14

Business has considered the environment to be

Answer

a scarce commodity.

free and nearly limitless.

a limited supply.

costly

Question 15

An ecosystem

Answer

should never be tampered with.

can survive any human intervention.

can be upset by human behavior.

is independent of all other ecosystems.