Critically Discuss the Stage theory of Expertise (Dreyfus, 1980) and Support your answers with evidence and reference appropriately. Stage theory of Expertise. (Dreyfus, 1980) 1.Novice –rigid adherence to rules –no discretional judgment 2.Advanced beginner –situational perception still limited –all aspects of work are treated separately and given equal importance 3.Competent –coping with crowdedness (multiple activity, information) –now partially sees action as part of longer term goals –conscious, deliberate planning 4.Proficient –holistic view of situation, rather than in terms of aspects –sees what is most important in a situation –uses maxims for guidance, meaning of maxims may vary according to situation 5. Expert –no longer reliant on rules, guidelines, maxims –intuitive grasp of situation, based on tacit knowledge –vision of what is possible