Special-needs populations have impacted the roles, responsibilities and difficulties of parole and probation officers and their supervision tasks. Please discuss how offender supervision has been affected specifically by some of the special-needs populations discussed in the text, including juveniles. How have special-needs populations added to officer stresses and burn out? What specific special-needs offender programs have had a positive impact on successful community reintegration of the offender? What programs have been least successful and with what populations? What programs have been the most controversial and why?

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