1. Organisms that feed only on plants are called

Detritivores

Omnivores

Carnivores

Herbivores

Decomposers

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of an indicator species?

trout in water with a specifric temperature requirement

birds that need a large forested area

butterflies that use a specific plant as food

frogs that take in water and air though their skin

All are example of indicatory species

3. A species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem, is called a(n)

foundation species

indicator species

native species

keystone species

specialist species

4. One way that species evolve over time to reduce niche overlap is called

competitive exclusion principle

resource partitioning

population distribution

chemical warfare

mimicry

5. Aerobic respiration requires

glucose and carbon dioxide.

glucose and oxygen.

oxygen and water.

carbon dioxide and water.

carbon dioxide and oxygen.

6. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that

Doing work always creates heat.

Altering matter is the best source of energy.

Energy cannot be recycled.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Energy cannot be converted.

7. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

carbon monoxide

water vapour

carbon dioxide

methane

nitrous oxide

8. Which of the following is an example of a density dependent population control

Parasites

Predators

infectious diseases

competitors with high niche overlap

all of these answers

9. If grass stores 1,000 energy units received from sun, the ecological efficiency of the ecosystem is 10%, and the trophic levels are grass > cow > human, how many units of energy does the human receive of the original 1,000 units?

900

200

100

10

1

11. All of the following are part of the freshwater aquatic life zones, EXCEPT

lakes

mangrove forests

inland wetlands

streams

rivers

12. In terms of habitat destruction, the greatest eliminator of species is

pollution of streams, lakes, and oceans

destruction of coral reefs

destruction of wetlands

plowing of grasslands

deforestation in tropical areas

13. The term malnutrition refers to people who consume

low calories

low carbohydrates

too much meat

low protein, high carbohydrate

high protein

14. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the

limnetic zone

benthic zone

littoral zone

profundal zone

abyssal zone

15. With the Arctic warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, which of the following organisms is rapidly moving toward threatened status?

sea lions

walrus

polar bears

seals

arctic fox

16. Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of  hydropower?

high methane emissions

disruption of downstream aquatic ecosystems

high-cost of energy

large land disturbance

large untapped potential

17. Even carefully designed logging roads have harmful effects, including all of the following EXCEPT

increased erosion

sediment runoff into waterways

habitat fragmentation

access to farms, mines, and ranches

loss of diversity

18. Organisms in this area must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily on seasonal salinity and temperature changes.

Estuaries

coastal wetlands

bathyal zone

intertidal zone

coral reefs

19. What can you do to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity? All of the following are things each of us can do, EXCEPT

Plant trees and take care of them.

Recycle paper and use recycled products.

Buy sustainable wood and wood products.

Help restore nearby degraded forests or grasslands

Do not plant your yard with local plants

20. Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession, a factor called

Facilitation

Imperturbability

Inhibition

Tolerance

Intolerance

21. Which of the following does NOT represent kinetic energy?

the wind blowing

flowing water

reservoir behind a dam

ocean waves

electricity

22. Which of the following is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism, usually by living on or in that other organism?

interspecific competition

predation

parasitism

mutualism

commensalism

23. The highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply is called

Conservation

Sustainable yield

Preservation

Recycling

All of these answers

24. Scientists classify energy as either

chemical or physical

kinetic or mechanical

potential or mechanical

potential or kinetic

chemical or kinetic

25. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?

Water

Potassium

Bacteria

Nitrogen

Sunlight

26. All of the following are elements EXCEPT

water

oxygen

nitrogen

hydrogen

carbon

27. The mass number is equal to the sum of the

neutrons and isotopes

neutrons and electrons

neutrons and protons

protons and electrons

ions and isotopes

28. When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time the data yield a J-shaped curve, which indicates which of the following?

logistic growth

environmental resistance

exponential growth

carrying capacity

biotic potential

29. Carbon is a major component of

water

the oceans

organic compounds

the atmosphere

hydrologic cycle

30. Effects of pollution might include

being unable to see the top of skyscrapers because of smog

destruction of a statue in a city park by acid rain

spread of a disease from an open dump

fish kills in lakes and streams

all of these

31. It is necessary to use energy to get energy. The difference between what you get and what you use to get it is called

gain

loss

gross energy

profit

net energy

32. The middle, partially melted zone of the interior of the earth is called the

crust

tectonic plate

core

mantle

magma

33. The greatest marine biodiversity is located

in the bottom region of the ocean

in the surface region of the ocean

in the coastal region of the ocean

in the open ocean

in coral reefs

34. Which of the following is NOT true about surface fires?

They free valuable mineral nutrients tied up in decomposing litter.

They release seeds from cones of lodgepole pines.

They increase soil erosion.

Wildlife requires surface fires to maintain their habitats.

They help control diseases.

35. Global oil production peaks when

oil becomes cheap and use increases

demand for oil lessens

large new proven reserves are located

maximum global rate of production is reached

OPEC decides to slow oil production

36. The lack of sufficient water to meet the needs of the people in a country or region is called

water deficit

water shortage

drought

hydrological shortage

hydrologic cycle

37. The term undernutrition refers to people who consume

low calorie diet

high calorie diet

low protein, low carbohydrates

low protein, high carbohydrates

high protein, low carbohydrates

38. Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small supply of plant nutrients are

oligotrophic lakes

eutrophic lakes

culturally eutrophic lakes

hypereutrophic lakes

mesotrophic lakes

39. The United States uses what percentage of all the oil produced in the world?

6%

7%

8%

17%

23%

40. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

soil type

topography

geology

climate

landforms