The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory.

availability heuristic

trial and error method

representative heuristic

means-end analysis

2)

_______ can help us interpret or deal with new information or events that we have never encountered.

Mental sets

Mental images

Algorithms

Concepts

3)

One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as:

confirmation bias.

convergent thinking.

mental set.

mind set.

4)

Creative intelligence is related to:

divergent thinking.

“street smarts.”

convergent thinking.

emotional intelligence.

5)

Examples of algorithms are:

musical notes.

mathematical formulas.

baseball card collections.

mechanical solutions.

6)

The rhythm and emphasis of communicating is part of which language structure?

syntax

pragmatics

phonemes

grammar

7)

According to linguist Noam Chomsky, a language acquisition device (or LAD):

is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language.

is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk.

is an innate human ability to understand and produce language.

is a device that aids in language translation for international business.

8)

Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using:

symbols on a keyboard and sign language.

music notes on a keyboard.

some sign language and many sounds.

abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds.

9)

Recent studies support Rosch-Heider’s theory of ______, rather than the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

linguistic relativity

a cognitive universalism

a collective monologue

the language acquisition device

10)

The debate over whether animals use real language centers around:

the debate of sign language versus spoken language.

the fact that scientists have proven animals capable of sign language only.

the fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human.

studies showing that animals make instinctual sounds only.

11)

When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in:

confirmation bias.

trial and error.

a mental set.

the representative heuristic.

12)

Even after her girlfriends reported seeing her boyfriend Jeff out at clubs with other women, Jackie continues to believe her boyfriend and her friends who say the women are just old neighborhood friends. This is an example of:

functional fixedness.

confirmation bias.

divergent thinking.

a mental set.

13)

Three-year-old Jamal is learning how to wait his turn to talk during circle time in preschool. Jamal is learning the ____ of language.

pragmatics

semantics

phonemes

morphemes

14)

Abby’s new puppy cries each night when left in her crate. When Abby picks up the puppy and holds her to her chest, the puppy stops crying and falls asleep. However, after she puts the puppy back in the crate, the crying begins again. After a few nights, Abby suddenly realizes that her heartbeat is helping the dog fall asleep. She places a ticking clock next to the crate, and the puppy goes right to sleep at night. Abby’s realization is an example of:

a heuristic.

insight.

trial and error.

an algorithm.

15)

In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, one might follow a(n):

script.

natural concept.

algorithm.

prototype.

16)

Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in:

logical/mathematical intelligence.

visual/spatial intelligence.

naturalist intelligence.

verbal/linguistic intelligence.

17)

The higher one’s degree of practical intelligence:

the less successful that person will be in life.

the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving.

the less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting.

the more likely that person will succeed in an academic setting.

18)

Intelligence testing began in France because French educators wanted:

a way to identify gifted students.

a way to identify students in need of more help with learning.

to find out if their teaching methods were effective.

a way to categorize their schoolchildren.

19)

If a test does not measure what it’s supposed to measure, then it lacks:

standardization.

cultural bias.

reliability.

validity.

20)

_________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled.

Emotional intelligence

Creative intelligence

Practical intelligence

Analytical intelligence