Primary Source Analysis
Primary Source Analysis

Choose one the following topics:
1. “Lebanon, 1900.” In Charles P. Issawi, The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 79-83. (Ebook)
2. “Hajj Caravan, 1903.” Ibid., 236-239.

The assignment: write a Primary Source Analysis (PSA) should be between 8-10 pages, typed-written and double-spaced including the footnotes or endnotes and the bibliographical list.

Your analysis should consider the following:

1- Provenance: What is the historical origin or source of the document?
2- Authenticity: How do you know that this is a primary source and not a secondary source? Are you reasonably certain that the source is the product of the author(s) identified and/or of the period that it purports to arise from?
3- Perspective: What is the point of view, or bias, of the author of the document? Can you explain the bias according to the author’s social, political, or cultural position?
4- Historical context: What is the larger social, economic, or political context within which the document/artifact was created? How does this context provide an understanding of the function of the source being analyzed?
5- Audience: For whom was the source intended and how might the anticipated “audience” reception have influenced the source?
6- Historicizing the language, artifact, or image? How does the language, artifact, or image in the source reflect, or speak to, the historical context?

Citation Format:
The paper should include the following:

? Introduction (10 pts.).
? Body/Text (70 pts.): 1. Answer all parts of the question.
2. Organization; clarity; logical and chronological order.
3. Provide enough details/evidence to identify and make clear the main points.
? Conclusion (10 pts.): Show the significance of the problem or summarize your paper.

Citation (10 pts.) (No in-text citation, use either footnotes or endnotes)
Follow this style:

Footnotes/Endnotes:
• Books:
1. William Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th edition (Boulder: Westview Press, 2008), 999.
2. Juan R. I. Cole, Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt’s `Urabi Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 999.
3. William Cleveland, A History of the Modern, 989.
4. Juan R. I. Cole, Colonialism and Revolution, 777.
5. Ibid., 755.
6. Ibid.

• Article or a chapter in a book:

1. Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, “The Transformation of the Egyptian Elite: Prelude to the ‘Urabi Revolt,” The Middle East Journal, vol. 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1967): 325-344.
2. Malek Abisaab, “Contesting Space: Gendered Discourse and Labor among Lebanese Women,” in Ghazi-Walid Fallah and Caroline Nagel (eds.), Geographies of Muslim Women: Gender, Religion and Space (New York: The Guilford Press, 2005), 249-274.
Bibliographical List:

Abisaab, Malek. “Contesting Space: Gendered Discourse and Labor among Lebanese Women.” In Ghazi-Walid Fallah and Caroline Nagel (eds.). Geographies of Muslim Women: Gender, Religion and Space. New York: The Guilford Press, 2005.

Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim. “The Transformation of the Egyptian Elite: Prelude to the ‘Urabi Revolt.” The Middle East Journal, vol. 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1967): 325-344.

Cleveland, William. A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th edition. Boulder: Westview Press, 2008.

Cole, Juan R. I., Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt’s `Urabi Movement. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Secondary Sources to consult:
* Non-academic online sources (Books & articles) are not accepted. (Don’t use Wikipedia)

A) On Lebanon

1. Cleveland, William. A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th edition. Boulder: Westview Press, 2008.

2. Salibi, Kamal. The Modern History of Lebanon. New York: Praeger, 1965.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb00935

3. Trabulsi, Fawwaz. A History of Modern Lebanon. London; Ann Arbor: Pluto, 2007.

4. Makdisi, Samir Ussama. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2000.
http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2r29n8jr;query=;brand=ucpress
http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2r29n8jr;chunk.id=0;doc.view=print

5. Akarli, Deniz Engin. The Long Peace: Ottoman Lebanon, 1861-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
B) On Hajj to Mecca
6. Cleveland, William. A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th edition. Boulder: Westview Press, 2008.

7. C. Snouck, Hurgronje. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning. The Moslims of the East-Indian Archipelago. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2007.

8. Esenbel, Selcuk. “The Pilgrimage as International Relations: Japanese Pilgrims to Mecca between 1909–1938.” In Suraiya Faroqhi; Vera Costantini; Markus Koller (eds.). Living in the Ottoman Ecumenical Community: Essays in Honour of Suraiya Faroqhi. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008. Pp. 267-276.
9. Al-Jannah, Ahmad ibn Tuwayr; H T Norris (eds.). The Pilgrimage of Ahmad, Son of the Little Bird of Paradise: An Account of a 19th Century pilgrimage from Mauritania to Mecca. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips; Forest Grove, Or. : Distributed by International Scholarly Book Services, 1977.
10. Mishra, Saurabh. Pilgrimage, Politics, and Pestilence: The Haj from the Indian subcontinent, 1860-1920. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011.
http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070603.001.0001/acprof-9780198070603

Possible Sources (on Hajj):
1. Corle, Edwin. Three Ways to Mecca. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1947.

2. Pearson, N. Michael. Pilgrimage to Mecca: the Indian Experience, 1500-1800. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996.

3. Porter, Venetia and Liana Saif (eds.). The Hajj: Collected Essays. London: British Museum, 2013).

4. Sardar, Ziauddin. Mecca: the Sacred City. New York: Bloomsbury, 2014.