PHILOSOPHY

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Introduction

It is a universal fact that women have for a long period of time shared a secondary status in society. However, within this fact particular cultural conceptions as well as symbolizations of a woman are beyond ordinary diversity and mutual contradictions. In addition, the actual handling of women along with their relative authority and input vary tremendously with cultures. Furthermore, the trend changes over different ages in timedepending with specific cultural traditions(Ortner, 1974).

A closer look into the social structure gives an overview of the perception given by most societies on the significance of sons in addition to the supreme authority that belongs to the father in the family.This type of patriarchal governance in homes contributes to divisions in the actual responsibilities of either men or women, the power along with the influence wielded.  Nevertheless, though the woman is encompassed in negative valence it is essential that there is equal interaction and operation by the two principles for the world to survive(Ortner, 1974).

The worldwide devaluation on women is determined through biological determinism. Male species have inbuilt genes that lack in the female species that naturally make them the dominant sex. Consequently, besides women being naturally subordinate they are in general contented with that position. This owes to the fact that they feel privileged to be protected and having the chance to make the most of their maternal pleasures which according to them gives extremely satisfying life experiences(Ortner, 1974).

Female subordination is interpreted taking into consideration other factors in the universe that are built into structures of mainlythe generalized situations of humanbeings in any culture.The fact that all human beings have physical bodies with sense of minds that are nonphysical shows that they are part and parcel of a given society comprising other individuals. It also indicates that they inherit cultural tradition and should have some relationship with nature or else the nonhuman kingdom for them to survive(Ortner, 1974).

Culture is interested in continuity as well as survival in that every individual is born and eventually dies.  This momentum rises above the lives as well as deaths of specific people. Therefore, since the giver of life is a woman the questionremains as to why every culture places a lesser value on women.Culture can be equitedwith the schemes of thought along with technology through which humanity has power over nature(Ortner, 1974).

Institutions for instance the family, the state as well as the capitalist industry are classified as structural characteristics that work together to generate gendered experiences needed in the labor markets. Connell through his designed framework specifies the configuration of the skills of women who are oppressed in different societal institutions. His framework on the social assessment on gender yields one that is meta-theoretical. It identifies specific power, cathexis and labor constitutions so as to understand in addition to analyzinggender associations in every institution within the socio-historical framework(Connell, 1987).

There are different social structures stipulating the associations between women and men in relevantly diverse ways. A woman has to challenge inequity in housework, childcare, training and promotion. In the labor markets there is visible segregation with disparity between work that is paid and that which is not. There is also discrimination in establishing jobs for both men and women (Maharaj, 1995).

The chain of command in businesses and the state have chosen to exclude women. Furthermore, we experience institutional violence together with interpersonal violence raised against women in line with sexual regulation plus surveillance. This is automatically supremacy division with gender bias(Connell, 1987).

Cathexisdefines the social organization of sexuality through a careful distinction on the sexed bodies through certain abstract lenses used to give descriptions from exact configuration of the society as well as its organizations. It shapes emotional attachments of individuals. Sexuality is extinct before as well as outside social customs that are used to create relationships as well as make them move on. Sexuality is sanctioned or performed but can never be expressed(Connell, 1987).

Woman is encompassed in a confined personalspace throughout her upbringing. She is expected to frequently survey herself in all that she is and in all her actions right from her childhood. In addition, the character of a man allows him to cause things tohappen making him a powerful agent. The male species is an active participant who is accredited with an erotic gaze. Man qualifies to be the spectator while the woman remains the spectacle. Besides, owing to society pressure to operate as a woman, women find themselveslimited socially in the community, where they work and at home (Maynard, 1998).

An investigation in women’s conductdisclosed noteworthy differences in the general bodily mannerism and behavior of men also women in addition to their movement, gesture and posture. A woman restricts herself and she seems to encompass some space that is imaginary within them. She is careful to go into this space making her resistant to stretch or reach. She is also hesitant to extend her body to this unknown zone thus her confinement in addition to her unwillingness to face up resistance. A woman who is not modest would be expected to break these rules and she will be loose in the way she speaks, the way she moves and the way she behaves (Nobelius, 2004).

The way a woman moves, stands and acts needs to portray grace but at the same time some eroticism which ought to be under the suppression of modesty.A woman is expected to be object while still remain prey. Men act whereas women appear; they look intently at women while on the other hand women are expected to watch themselves stared at. The male species is the surveyor while the female species is the surveyed (Berger, n.d.).

Conclusion

Culture and nature are conceptual categories that lack boundary in the real world whilst some cultures strongly oppose the two categories. For instance primitive people do not distinguish the two aspects. Nevertheless, every culture declares that proper associations between the existence of human beings and the natural powers depends solely on the application of the powers of the culture to control  the processes of life and the world as a whole.

REFERENCES

Berger, J. (n.d.). The Social Construction of Gender. Retrieved July 21, 2011, from http://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/arth200/gender.html

Connell, R. (1987). Gender and power:society, the person, and sexual politics. California: Stanford University Press.

Maharaj, Z. (1995). A SOCIAL THEORY Of GENDER. Feminist Review, 49, 50-65.

Maynard, S. (1998). Homosexuality, Masculinity (Psychology), Labor, History, Men. Labour (42), 183-197.

Nobelius, A.-M. (2004, June 23). What is the difference between sex and gender? Retrieved July 21, 2011, from http://www.med.monash.edu.au/gendermed/sexandgender.html

Ortner, S. B. (1974). Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture? Woman, culture, and society. , 68-87.