Instructions Choose any ONE of the philosophical theories below: 1. Consequentialist moral theories such as utilitarianism 2. Non-consequentialist moral theories such as Kantian deontology 3. Virtue ethics 4. Social justice 5. Existentialism Write an essay on your chosen topic that: 1. Explains the background of the philosophy (e.g. who were/are the key thinkers? When did these ideas emerge? What was the context that they emerged? What is their status today?) 2. Gives an exposition of philosophy (e.g. outlines and explains the main ideas, arguments, concepts, etc) When writing your essay, make sure that you: 1. Draw from a wide range of relevant and appropriate literature (literature that is scholarly, credible and peer reviewed, ie., published in books, journals, doctoral dissertations & magazines. 2. NOT wiki sites, blogs, or opinion pieces, ‘un-authored’ web pages, or websites/documents affiliated with specific religious, political or other organisations with specific agendas. 1200-1500 words.

Philosophy Essay
Order Description
Write a three to four page (750 -1000 words) essay. Pick an article from the list at Essay Resources on the course menu. Find a scholarly article that has been written by one of the philosophers being studied throughout this course. You may use the Internet to download articles. If you have any questions, be sure to ask your instructor.

If you cannot find an article that you want to write about, ask your instructor for permission to choose another topic.
Choosing a quote page is not acceptable. (A quote page is a list of quotes from a particular philosopher.)
Some of these articles are quite lengthy. You may read first approximately 750-1000 words of your chosen article and write about the portion you read.
Summarize what you read and then write your own reflections. Consider the following: What have you learned in this class? Have your perspectives or ways of thinking changed or clarified? How do you feel about the article you read? How does it pertain to your life?
Be sure to cite your source.
These names and articles listed are included for research purposes. Articles can be reviewed or downloaded from Wikipedia (https://www.wikipedia.org) and other public domain sources. Articles not designated as from Wikipedia can be found at Gutenberg Project (https://www.gutenberg.org/), a source for e-books of historical and cultural significance.

Aquinas, Thomas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas
Summa Theologica, Part II-II (Secunda Secundae)
Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition
Aristotle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
Atomism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism
Descartes, Rene https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes
Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext93/dcart10.txt
Epictetus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epictetus
Golden Sayings of Epictetus (main page) https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/e#a452
Selected Discourses of Epcitetus (main page) https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/e#a452
Heidegger, Martin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heidegger
Hume, David https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume
A Treatise of Human Nature
James, William
Lectures of (A Pluralistic Universe)
Kent, Immanuel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals (main page) https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/k#a1426
Kierkegaard, Soren https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soren_Kierkegaard
Locke, John https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1 MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2 https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/l#a2447
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 2 MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 3 and 4 https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/l#a2447
Second Treatise of Government https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/l#a2447
Marcus Aurelius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius’s The Meditations https://classics.mit.edu//Antoninus/meditations.mb.txt
Marx, Karl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
Communist Manifesto
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
Mill, John Stuart https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill
The Subjugation of Women (About on wikipedia)
The Contest in America https://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/m#a1705
Nietzsche, Friedrich https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nietzsche
Plato: Biography, Works, Metaphysics’s, Epistemology, etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato
Plato’s Seventh Letter https://classics.mit.edu/Plato/seventh_letter.1b.txt
Protagoras (Plato) Discussion of the work at Wikipedia
Sophist (Plato) Discussion of the work at Wikipedia
Theaetus (Plato) Discussion of the work at Wikipedia
Pre-socatic Philosophy
Socrates
Wittgenstein, Ludwig: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Additional information: https://www.spaceandmotion.com/Greek-Philosophy-Philosophers.htm