Module 2 Case/Module 2 SLP

Order Description

Course Overview MGT599 (Strategic Management)
Case Assignment: In this final MBA course, the Case sequence will be focused on Strategic Management. The formal strategic management process includes development of the company vision, mission statement, and goals and objectives; a formal assessment of the internal company profile and the organization’s external environment; strategic choices at the business, functional, and corporate levels; and strategy implementation and control (which includes the implementation and monitoring of strategic controls, organizational design, and organizational culture). Throughout MGT599, MBA students will analyze and solve actual business strategy problems.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
Module 2
Complete a formal SWOT by integrating and synthesizing an analysis of the organization’s remote and operating external environments with an analysis of the organization’s internal profile.
Using a business simulation, analyze a company’s performance, using relevant business theory to determine a modified pricing and product strategy.
Course Materials/Bibliography

Module 2
Required Reading
Bramha, D. (2011). Internal analysis in strategic management. Slideshare. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.slideshare.net/guestd507e7/internal-analysys-of-strategic-management-presentation
Chapman, A. (2011). SWOT analysis. Business Balls. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm
Connelley, D. (2005). Strategy for the Internal Environment. Power Point Presentation.
Connelley, D. (2005). Strategy for the External Environment. Power Point Presentation.
Garmon, M. (2014). Tablet Development Sim. Retrieved on November 4, 2014 from https://forio.com/simulate/michael.garmon/tablet-development-sim/simulation/
The five competitive forces that shape strategy. (2008). Harvard Business Publishing. Podcast retrieved on August 27, 2014 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYF2_FBCvXw
A guide for industry study and the analysis of firms and competitive study. (2001). Scribd. Retrieved from https://web.missouri.edu/cookml/AE4972/Industry%20Analysis.pdf
Henry, A. (2007). The internal environment: A resource based view of strategy. In Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://fba.aiub.edu/Files/Uploads/MGT110043.pdf
PEST analysis. (2009). Value Based Management. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_PEST_analysis.html
Porter’s Five Forces: A model for industry analysis. (2007). Quick MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml
SWOT analysis: Lesson. (2009). Marketing Teacher. Retrieved from https://www.marketingteacher.com/swot-analysis-marketing-tools-from-marketing-teacher/
Optional Reading
Carrying out a PEST analysis. (2005). The Free Library. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Carrying+out+a+PEST+analysis-a0141751272
PEST analysis. (2007). Quick MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/pest/
Porter’s Five Forces (2007). The Manager. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.themanager.org/Models/p5f.htm
Porter’s Five Forces. (2009). Mind Tools. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm
The value chain. (2007). Net MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain/
Zahorsky, D. (2009). A business owner’s secret weapon: SWOT analysis. SBI Information. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://sbinformation.about.com/cs/bestpractices/a/swot.htm

Module 2 – Background
The External Environment, Internal Profile, and SWOT
Part 1: External Environment Analysis
SWOT is an acronym for: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. The first two variables (strengths and weaknesses) relate to the internal organization, while the last two variables (opportunities and threats) relate to the organization’s external environment.
The purpose of an external analysis is to scan the outside environment for factors that might open up new opportunities for the business—or that may present threats to the survival of the organization. Then company managers and executives can formulate plans to take advantage of the opportunities and respond to external threats. Optimally, the organization wishes to altogether eliminate (and if this is not possible, to ameliorate to the greatest extent possible) those threats that exist in the external environment.
There are endless numbers and kinds of external factors that can have an effect on a company’s sustainability. Customers, competitors, and suppliers are all pretty obvious entities that can affect profitability. If we think a little more deeply, however, we can see that current as well as potential customers should be considered in an assessment of opportunities and threats (e.g., in terms of changing consumer tastes and preferences). Any such threats or opportunities will affect strategic choices that will (or that can) be made concerning products and services.
What about technology? Advances in technology can affect all three of our “obvious” external concerns (customers, competitors, and suppliers) with changes in product features, how products are made and sold, what services are offered and how they are delivered, supply chains, inventory controls, and so on. The failure to monitor the technological environment can spell obsolescence for a business in no time.
Ease of substitution is something we always think of when considering competitors. How easy would it be to switch from flying on one airline to flying on another, for example? But thinking more creatively about substitution, we can see that teleconferencing and video conferencing can eliminate the need for much business travel—thus acting as a substitute to airline tickets. Failure to think broadly enough will cause a planner to completely miss a major threat just over the horizon. For example, consider the immeasurable impact that Internet sites such as eBay and Amazon have had on the sales of “brick-and-mortar” operations. Or consider how online video availability has adversely affected companies that sell or rent DVDs, such as Blockbuster.
The sheer number of possible external influences creating opportunities and threats is mind-boggling. This is why most strategic planners use analytic models to structure their thinking and help avoid perceptual biases that might interfere with a clear and objective identification of opportunities and threats.
In this course, we will be using two different models that approach the external environment from two different perspectives:
1. Industry environment – Porter’s Five Forces Model
2. Macro environment – PEST analysis
Industry Environment
Porter’s Model of Five Forces is one of the most versatile frameworks for analyzing the industry (or operating) external environment. Employed by a variety of academics and business practitioners for more than three decades, the Five Forces Model has proved its usefulness in a variety of arenas. The Porter model helps the user get a handle on the competitive and market characteristics of a specific industry. The factors covered by the Five Forces Model are:
1. Threat of new entrants
2. Bargaining power of suppliers
3. Bargaining power of customers
4. Availability of substitutes
5. Degree of rivalry among competitors
Macro Environment
While the Porter analysis looks at the conditions in a specific industry, the PEST analysis looks at factors that affect the greater business environment. The sub-environments addressed by this model include:
1. Political (including regulatory)
2. Economic
3. Socio-cultural
4. Technical
Required Reading
For a general introduction to the Five Forces Model, the following video interview with Michael Porter is helpful for putting the external analysis into perspective:
The five competitive forces that shape strategy. (2008). Harvard Business Publishing. Podcast retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYF2_FBCvXw
The following site is an excellent introduction to the industry (operating) and remote (macro) environments. This site is a very good overview of Porter’s Five Forces and PEST: https://web.missouri.edu/cookml/AE4972/Industry%20Analysis.pdf
Connelley, D. (2005). Strategy for the External Environment. Power Point Presentation.
PEST analysis. (2009). Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_PEST_analysis.html
Porter’s Five Forces: A model for industry analysis. (2007). Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml
SWOT analysis: Lesson. (2009). Marketing Teacher. Retrieved from https://www.marketingteacher.com/swot-analysis-marketing-tools-from-marketing-teacher/
Optional Material
Carrying out a PEST analysis. (2005). The Free Library. Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Carrying+out+a+PEST+analysis-a0141751272
PEST analysis. (2007). Quick MBA. Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/pest/
Porter’s Five Forces. (2009). Mind Tools. Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm
Porter’s Five Forces (2007). The Manager. Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.themanager.org/Models/p5f.htm
Zahorsky, D. (2009). A business owner’s secret weapon: SWOT analysis. Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://sbinformation.about.com/cs/bestpractices/a/swot.htm
Part 2: Internal Analysis
One of the criticisms of Porter’s Five Forces Model (and external analyses in general) is that while Five Forces can certainly help in the identification of problems and difficulties that firms are likely to encounter in a given industry, the model does not provide insight into what a particular company can do to manipulate those forces in its favor, thus gaining a competitive advantage.
In Part 2 of this module, we will focus on an analysis of the internal environment, or the internal company. At the conclusion of this process, we will have what is sometimes referred to as a “company profile” or an “internal profile.” Two useful frameworks that will help us to focus on the essential factors for analysis of the internal environment are Porter’s Value Chain and the Resource Based View framework (RBV).
After conducting an analysis of an organization’s internal environment, you will be in a position to complete the last two elements of the SWOT analysis: identification of the strengths and weaknesses of a company.
Internal Analysis Components
Before we introduce the analytical models we will be using in this module, some background information will be helpful. A company has (A) primary activities and (B) support activities.
A company’s primary activities are:
Research and Development (R&D)
Production (manufacturing)
Marketing and Sales
Customer Service
A company’s support activities include:
Materials Management
Human Resources
Information Systems
Infrastructure
A. Primary Activities
Research and Development (R&D) includes development and design of products and production processes. Many manufacturing companies have separate R&D departments. For highly innovative companies (such as 3M), this may be one of the most important departments in the organization. Some service companies may include R&D activities as a part of marketing or customer service functions. For instance, banks introduce new products to attract customers.
Production is in charge of creating goods or services. Some companies manufacture products. Banks make loans. Retail companies sell products. These are instances of production.
Marketing and Sales plays several roles. It advertises and positions the brand, identifies marketing needs, and sets pricing.
Customer Service provides after-sale service.
B. Support Activities
Materials Management manages the logistics of moving materials from procurement of inputs to production and then moving outputs through distribution to customers. Inventory management is part of the Materials Management support activity.
Human Resources is focused on employing the necessary skills mix to carry out the organization’s mission, and to motivate, train, and compensate the workforce.
Information Systems refers to computer support in processing functions and supporting company operations, as well as Internet.
Infrastructure refers to organizational structure, controls, and culture. The infrastructure must be capable of supporting the primary activities of the organization and must also be compatible with its strategy.
Presentation on the Internal Environment
Review the following presentation by Dr. Connelley. For Part Two of the narrated slide presentation on strategic situation analysis, click on the title below. This slide presentation focuses on the importance of optimizing the internal functions of an organization to create added value to the firm’s products or services: Strategy for the Internal Environment
Porter’s Value Chain
Porter’s Value Chain is a widely used framework for organizing and interpreting an internal analysis. It is pictured below and is also discussed in the previous PowerPoint presentation. You can see that the Value Chain considers both primary and support activities, although it may use slightly different labels and definitions. By managing the various components of the value chain, companies can achieve a cost advantage over competitors, or distinguish themselves from competitors by offering a distinctively better product or service. Read more about Value Chain analysis at:
The value chain. (2007). Retrieved on August 28, 2014, from https://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain/
While the Value Chain can be a valuable tool for breaking down and streamlining costs and creating maximum value, it is a complicated process that typically involves considerable quantitative analysis.
The Resource-Based View
The Resource-Based View (RBV) arose in direct response to the criticism mentioned previously, that is, the external analysis is much less useful to a company seeking to attain a competitive advantage than are its internal capabilities and resources.
Instead of focusing on the accumulation of resources necessary to implement the strategy dictated by conditions and constraints in the external environment (I/O model), the resource-based view suggests that a firm’s unique resources and capabilities provide the basis for a strategy. The business strategy chosen should allow the firm to best exploit its core competencies relative to opportunities in the external environment (p. 1380).***
*** Source: Hitt, M., Ireland, R., and Hoskisson, R. (2007). A resource-based view of the firm. In International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies (Clegg, S., & Bailey, J.R., Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Central to this analytical view is the notion that a firm’s core competencies and resources are more critical to the development of a strategy than the external environment. In reality, the truth probably lies somewhere in between, with a balance between external demands and internal capacities leading to the most successful competitive position. This is the essence of a SWOT analysis, and RBV can certainly inform an analysis of strengths and weaknesses.
For an excellent review of the basics of the Resource-Based View, read the following chapter:
Henry, A. (2007). The internal environment: A resource based view of strategy. In Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://fba.aiub.edu/Files/Uploads/MGT110043.pdf
Required
Connelley, D. Strategy for the internal environment. PowerPoint presentation.
Henry, A. (2007). The internal environment: A resource based view of strategy. In Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://fba.aiub.edu/Files/Uploads/MGT110043.pdf
The following presentation is a good overview of internal analysis:
Bramha, D. (2011). Internal Analysis in Strategic Management. Retrieved on November 6, 2012, from https://www.slideshare.net/guestd507e7/internal-analysys-of-strategic-management-presentation
Optional Reading
The Value Chain. (2007). Retrieved on November 6, 2012, from https://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain/

Module 2 – Case
The External Environment, Internal Profile, and SWOT
Assignment Overview
Remember that the Case in this course is an ongoing exercise, meaning that we will be taking an intensive look at one company over the course of our four modules. This session, we will be conducting a strategic analysis of the Coca-Cola Company.
The outcome of this Case is use a completed external and internal analysis of the Coca-Cola Company, in the completion of a SWOT.
Case Assignment
In a 7 -page paper, integrated your external and internal company analysis, completing a formal company SWOT.
Keys to the Assignment
Step 1: Perform research, and complete an industry analysis using each of the Five Forces in Porter’s model. Support your analysis with current financial, operational, and marketing data.
Step 2: Complete your external analysis using each of the four elements in the PEST analysis. When considering economic data, use the most current data you can find.
Step 3: Write up the results of your external analysis, and be sure to label the impact of each of the Five Forces as high, moderate, or low. Taken together, the Five Forces analysis and the PEST analysis should lead to conclusions about the overall opportunities and threats facing the Coca-Cola Company as revealed by your research. All data and factual information that you report in your Five Forces and PEST analysis must be properly cited using APA style.
Step 4: Conduct a critical and thorough internal analysis of the Coca-Cola Company, assessing as many of the company’s key internal strengths and weaknesses as you can. Consider the operations, customer service, finance, human resources management, and marketing functions. See the following website, as it will help you decide which strengths and weaknesses you might wish to evaluate: https://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm
Step 5: Discuss the results of your internal analysis, including your conclusions concerning the strengths and weaknesses facing the Coca-Cola Company.
Step 6: Synthesize your internal analysis with your external environmental analysis, formulating a complete SWOT analysis. Provide a SWOT diagram (include as an Appendix – not as part of the written analysis!) in which you show – in each of the four quadrants – the most important 3-4 company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Each of these should be discussed thoroughly within your written analysis.
Based on your SWOT, give very specific and informed recommendations as to what the company should do. Give your overall analysis—does the company have more strengths than weaknesses? More weaknesses than strengths? Whatever you decide, you need to recommend (with strong, convincing support) what you believe should be the company’s strategy — in response to your collective assessment of the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. You must demonstrate evidence of critical thinking – don’t simply restate facts you’ve learned about the company! Interpret the data and factual information you’ve found instead!
Step 7: Consider the Case as a formal business report that you are developing for the Board of Directors and CEO as the Coca-Cola Company’s consultant. This is a professionaldocument. Follow the format below:
Executive summary: This is a synopsis of the main points, conclusions and recommendations made in the longer report. If you would like a refresher on writing an executive summary, check this website: https://www.csun.edu/~vcecn006/summary.html
Introduction: State the main purpose of the paper (thesis statement), what you hope to accomplish, and how you will go about doing it.
Main Body: The “meat” of the paper. Emphasize analysis, not just description. Delineate separate topics or sections with section headings.
Conclusion: Summarize your paper in the light of your thesis statement.
Assignment Expectations
Your paper will be evaluated using the grading rubric.
Tips and Suggestions
Note the following tips and suggestions:
Business school case-study assignments are meant to offer practice opportunities for future businesspeople who are earning their MBA degrees. Consider yourself a consultant hired by the company to make these critical assessments. There are no right or wrong answers to the Case questions – however, your position must be well-defended.
Study the theoretical concepts provided in the Background materials section of the module, and identify main strategy concepts.
Include a cover page and reference page, in addition to the 7-10 pages of analysis described above.
Include section headings in all papers.
Cite and reference all sources, including those that you paraphrase. This means include citations and quotation marks for direct quotes, and citations for information you have “borrowed” or paraphrased from other sources.
Module 2 – Outcomes
The External Environment, Internal Profile, and SWOT
Module
Complete a formal SWOT by integrating and synthesizing an analysis of the organization’s remote and operating external environments with an analysis of the organization’s internal profile.
Using a business simulation, analyze a company’s performance, using relevant business theory to determine a modified pricing and product strategy.
Case
After completing an assessment of the organization’s external environment and internal profile, synthesize the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses and environmental opportunities and threats into a formal SWOT analysis, with overall impressions and recommendations.
………………………………………………………………………..

SLP 2 Assignment:
Course Overview MGT599 (Strategic Management)
SLP Overview: In MGT599, you will use a business simulation of the Clipboard Tablet Company, an organization that sells Tablet computers. Your task is to analyze the performance of the company and develop a strategy that will improve its profitability. The strategy is a market-focused one, which includes pricing and product development budgets for its three products. Here, you will need to use your knowledge of cost structures and cost analysis, as well as relevant marketing and pricing theories. As well as focus on the application of Strategic Management theory to an actual organization.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
Module 2
Complete a formal SWOT by integrating and synthesizing an analysis of the organization’s remote and operating external environments with an analysis of the organization’s internal profile.
Using a business simulation, analyze a company’s performance, using relevant business theory to determine a modified pricing and product strategy.
Course Materials/Bibliography

Module 2
Required Reading
Bramha, D. (2011). Internal analysis in strategic management. Slideshare. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.slideshare.net/guestd507e7/internal-analysys-of-strategic-management-presentation
Chapman, A. (2011). SWOT analysis. Business Balls. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm
Connelley, D. (2005). Strategy for the Internal Environment. Power Point Presentation.
Connelley, D. (2005). Strategy for the External Environment. Power Point Presentation.
Garmon, M. (2014). Tablet Development Sim. Retrieved on November 4, 2014 from https://forio.com/simulate/michael.garmon/tablet-development-sim/simulation/
The five competitive forces that shape strategy. (2008). Harvard Business Publishing. Podcast retrieved on August 27, 2014 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYF2_FBCvXw
A guide for industry study and the analysis of firms and competitive study. (2001). Scribd. Retrieved from https://web.missouri.edu/cookml/AE4972/Industry%20Analysis.pdf
Henry, A. (2007). The internal environment: A resource based view of strategy. In Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://fba.aiub.edu/Files/Uploads/MGT110043.pdf
PEST analysis. (2009). Value Based Management. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_PEST_analysis.html
Porter’s Five Forces: A model for industry analysis. (2007). Quick MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml
SWOT analysis: Lesson. (2009). Marketing Teacher. Retrieved from https://www.marketingteacher.com/swot-analysis-marketing-tools-from-marketing-teacher/
Optional Reading
Carrying out a PEST analysis. (2005). The Free Library. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Carrying+out+a+PEST+analysis-a0141751272
PEST analysis. (2007). Quick MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.quickmba.com/strategy/pest/
Porter’s Five Forces (2007). The Manager. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.themanager.org/Models/p5f.htm
Porter’s Five Forces. (2009). Mind Tools. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm
The value chain. (2007). Net MBA. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain/
Zahorsky, D. (2009). A business owner’s secret weapon: SWOT analysis. SBI Information. Retrieved on August 27, 2014, from https://sbinformation.about.com/cs/bestpractices/a/swot.htm

Part 3: SLP
There are no reading assignments for the SLP. However, if you need a refresher on various theories (e.g., product life cycle, pricing, price elasticity, market saturation, or product development) there is a multitude of sources on the Internet.

Module 2 – SLP
The External Environment, Internal Profile, and SWOT
Simulation
The Module 2 SLP requires that you continue with the scenario and simulation you began in the Module 1 SLP.
SCENARIO CONTINUATION
SLP2 – It is New Year’s Day, 2016. You have finished analyzing the performance of Clipboard Tablet Co., and you have submitted the report requested by your CEO, Sally Smothers. You are ready to move forward to 2016, but…..
….as you turn on the TV, you notice something very strange. You recognize that the date is January 1, 2012, and that you get to make the decisions for the Clipboard Tablet Co. for the 4-year period beginning with 2012. Your challenge is to do better than Joe Thomas.
At the beginning of each year (2012-2015), you will determine your pricing, your R&D allocations, and whether or not to discontinue any products. You are required to make your decisions for each year, and to report your results to see what happened. You must keep track of your decisions, making specific notes supporting each of your decisions.
Run the Clipboard Tablet Co. simulation through the end of 2015. When you are finished, the date will be December 31, 2015. What is your total Score? Did you do better than Joe Thomas?
You organize your notes about your decisions, your analysis, and your reasoning into a well-written report.
Session Long Project
Run the Clipboard Tablet Co. simulation with your strategy, making decisions year by year for prices and R&D allocations. Write a 6 page paper, not including cover and reference pages, in which you discuss the decisions and the results for each year. Discuss why you did better (or worse) than Joe Thomas.
KEYS TO THE ASSIGNMENT
The key aspects of this assignment that should be covered and taken into account in preparing your paper include:
As you run the simulation, keep track of your decisions and the results – both financial and marketing. Copy and paste the results into Excel or into a Word document. You will also want to record the information that you get from the Advisor. Make a note of your Final Total Score.
Include your Final Total Score, some tables, and/or graphs showing key results. Using sound logic, be sure to clearly explain the differences from Joe.
Remember that the key here is quality of analysis.
Time Line Summary:
SLP1
2015: You are hired on December 15th.
Turned in first report to Sally on December 30th.
SLP2
You find yourself in a Time Warp that takes you back to January 1, 2012.
You recognize that you can now revise the decisions made by Joe for 2012 – 2015.
January 2, 2012 – input decisions for 2012.
January 2, 2013 – input decisions for 2013.
January 2, 2014 – input decisions for 2014.
January 2, 2015 – input decisions for 2015.
December 31, 2015 – You have gone through all four years, and you write your report to summarize how you did.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Your paper will be evaluated using the grading rubric.
TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS
Please note the following tips and suggestions:
Include a cover page and reference page, in addition to the 6 pages of analysis described above.
Use section headings as appropriate. Use graphs, charts, or figures strategically – but do not use these as “space fillers.” Include large graphs, etc. as an Appendix instead.
Cite and reference all sources that you use in your work, including those that you paraphrase. This means include citations and quotation marks for direct quotes, and citations for that information which you have “borrowed” or paraphrased from other sources.
Module 2 – Outcomes
The External Environment, Internal Profile, and SWOT
Module
Complete a formal SWOT by integrating and synthesizing an analysis of the organization’s remote and operating external environments with an analysis of the organization’s internal profile.
Using a business simulation, analyze a company’s performance, using relevant business theory to determine a modified pricing and product strategy.
SLP
Re-run a business simulation, using business theory to make decisions related to pricing, product, and R&D allocations.
Identify key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, completing a SWOT, and drawing conclusions related to organization’s future opportunities.

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