Knowledge and Understanding

QUESTION 1 (a) Many people use their right to vote in elections.

 

Explain, in detail, the reasons why many people use their right to vote in elections. (Knowledge and Understanding, 4 marks)

(b)

Members of Parliament (MPs) represent their constituents in the House of Commons.

 

Describe, in detail, the ways in which MPs can represent their constituents in the House of Commons. (Knowledge and Understanding, 4 marks)

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QUESTION 1 (CONTINUED) (c) Study Sources 3, 2 and 3 below and on the next page, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1

Results of Opinion Polls taken during the 2011 Scottish Parliament election campaign Question: Who will win the 2011 election? 60 50 40 Scottish National Party

%

30 20 10 0 21 March 1 March 10 April 19 April 27 April

Labour

Conservative Liberal Democrat 4 May 5 May Election Day Regional vote 48·0% 40·8% 53·4% 54·9% 52·2% 54·0% 53·0% 53·1% 14 Feb 10 Jan

SOURCE 2 Turnout: Constituency and Regional vote in Scottish Parliament election (2011) Scottish Regions Central Scotland Glasgow Highlands and Islands Lothian Mid Scotland and Fife North East Scotland South Scotland West Scotland [2640/31/01] Constituency vote 48·0% 40·7% 53·4% 54·8% 52·0% 48·8% 53·0% 53·1% Page four

QUESTION 1 (c) (CONTINUED) SOURCE 3 Share of the vote in Scottish Parliament Elections (%) 2007 PARTY SNP Labour Conservative Lib Dem Green Constituency 32·9 32·1 16·6 16·2 0·1 Region 31·0 29·2 13·9 11·3 4·0 2011 Constituency 45·4 31·7 13·9 7·9 0·0 Region 44·0 26·3 12·4 5·2 4·4

Seats in the Scottish Parliament (2011)

Scottish National Party (69) Labour Party (37)

Conservatives (15) Liberal Democrats (5)

Greens (2) Margo MacDonald (Independent) (1)

The turnout for the regional vote was higher than the constituency vote in the majority of Scottish regions. The SNP was the only party to see an increase in its share of both the constituency and regional vote between 2007 and 2011. In the months before the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the opinion polls always correctly predicted the winning party. View of Rowan Shields Explain, in detail, the extent to which Rowan Shields could be accused of being selective in the use of facts. Use only Sources 3, 2 and 3 above and opposite. In your answer, you should: • explain, in detail, why each of the statements made by Rowan Shields is either correct or incorrect • reach an overall conclusion on the extent to which Rowan Shields has been selective in the use of facts. (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks) [2640/31/01] Page five [Turn over

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SYLLABUS AREA 2—CHANGING SOCIETY QUESTION 2 Some families with dependent children have a lower standard of living than other families in general.

(a)

 

Explain, in detail, the reasons why some families with dependent children have a lower standard of living than other families in general. (Knowledge and Understanding, 8 marks)

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QUESTION 2 (CONTINUED) (b) Study the information in Focus on Scotland and Sources 3, 2, 3 and 4 below and on the next page, then answer the question which follows. Focus on Scotland In 2010, the population of Scotland was 5,222,100. This was a rise of 28,100 on the previous year, and the highest figure since 1997. Here are some statistics about Scotland’s population. Scotland: Selected Statistics Average Weekly Pay Households in Poverty Life Expectancy People with long term illness £463·20 19% 77·8 years 20·3%

Aberdeen Dundee

Scotland has six cities. In 2010, the population of each of the four largest was: • • • • Glasgow Edinburgh Aberdeen Dundee 592,820 486,120 217,120 144,920

Glasgow Edinburgh

SOURCE 1 Population in Selected Scottish Cities by Gender (2008) City Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Male 105,808 68,038 230,986 284,679 Female 108,002 75,352 246,674 303,791 SOURCE 2 Education in Selected Scottish Cities City Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Scotland [2640/31/01] Number of pupils 21,558 17,409 44,258 65,290 675,410 Page eight % who go to university 37 25 34 26 34 Average Primary Class Size 24·2 24·3 24·6 24·7 22·4 Total 213,810 143,390 477,660 588,470

QUESTION 2 (b) (CONTINUED) SOURCE 3 Housing in Selected Scottish cities In 2010, there were 56,428 applications for accommodation by homeless people. Glasgow had the highest number at over 10,000 and Dundee the lowest at 2282. Average house prices have fallen during 2009 and 2010 due to continuing economic difficulties facing families. Houses in Edinburgh remain the most expensive, whilst those in Dundee are the cheapest. Most people in Scotland are now buying their own home with 66% of all houses owner occupied. This varies across the cities with Aberdeen at 65%, Dundee 57%, Edinburgh 64% and Glasgow 49%. The number of new houses being built has fallen in all four of these cities.

SOURCE 4 Health and Wealth of people in Selected Scottish Cities Long term illness 17·5% 22·3% 17·2% 26·2% Life Expectancy (years) 78·2 76·6 79·3 74·3 Households in Poverty 15% 23% 19% 25% Average Weekly Pay £562·40 £470·30 £527·90 £473·90

City Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow

Using only the information in “Focus on Scotland” and Sources 3, 2, 3 and 4 above and opposite, what conclusions can be drawn about Scotland and some of its cities? You must make and justify a conclusion about each of the following headings. • The city whose population increased the most between 2008 and 2010. • The relationship between poverty and owner occupation. • The relationship between pay and university entrance. • The city whose health is least like that of Scotland as a whole. (Enquiry Skills, 8 marks)

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QUESTION 2 (CONTINUED) (c) Study Sources 1 and 2 below, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 Personal Care Services for Elderly People (2000–2010)

In the year 2000 there were 32,870 elderly people in Scotland receiving personal care services at home. By 2010 this had changed to 46,760. This change was reflected around the country. In Glasgow, it went from 4,020 to 5,890, whilst in Dundee it changed from 780 to 3,010. The figures for Aberdeen changed from 3,470 to 3,600, whilst in Edinburgh the change was from 3,970 to 3,440.

SOURCE 2 Types of Housing for Older People (2000–2010) Sheltered Housing 2000 Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Scotland 438 1057 2206 2204 15,219 2010 435 1099 1825 3046 17,276 Medium Dependency Housing 2000 79 169 671 968 7494 2010 266 199 1014 992 8117 Very Sheltered Housing 2000 50 65 250 187 1606 2010 101 224 834 709 4855

The same city in Scotland has had the biggest increase in both personal care services and sheltered housing since the year 2000. Glasgow was the only city to see an increase in all three types of Housing for Older People. View of Patrick Thistle Using only the information above, give one reason to support and one reason to oppose the view of Patrick Thistle. (Enquiry Skills, 4 marks)

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SYLLABUS AREA 3—IDEOLOGIES QUESTION 3 Answer one section only: OR (A) THE USA (a) American citizens have rights and responsibilities. Section (A)—The USA on Pages eleven to thirteen Section (B)— China on Pages fifteen to seventeen

Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of American citizens. In your answer, you must use American examples. (Knowledge and Understanding, 8 marks)

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QUESTION 3 (A) (CONTINUED) (b) Study Sources 3, 2 and 3 and the Statements from the two Interest Groups below and opposite, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT ROCKFORD CITY Rockford is a city in California with a population of 63,000. Its population has grown significantly recently due to a large increase in illegal immigrants from Mexico. Local businesses have found these immigrants very useful as they are hard workers, often in low paid jobs that others do not want. This helps the local economy enormously. This is further backed up by a recent survey which found that seventy percent of local people are concerned about plans to stop illegal immigration. ROCKFORD
Linne Santa Maria

Santa Barbara
Cuan Sèimh Oceanside Linne Capistrano

Santa BarbaraVentura Basin

Los Angeles

San Diego

Like many US cities, Rockford has faced great financial and New oil exploration areas economic difficulties in recent years. The cost of the high school system has been rising yearly. The local hospital may have to close. This would be a great loss as the hospital gives a very good health service to all residents of Rockford, especially those who have little or no health insurance. The recent oil spill off the coast of California caused a few problems for the local fishing fleet and a small amount of sea pollution. Fortunately, both soon recovered. The new and well paid work on the gulf oil wells is very important to stopping the decline of the local economy and this is why new oil exploration areas are being considered. SOURCE 2 A Statistical Comparison High School Graduates College Graduates Average Income per capita Unemployment rate % in poverty Serious Violent Crime per 10,000 people SOURCE 3 Public Opinion Survey in Rockford City Question: How important do you think the following projects are for Rockford? Unimportant A new Water Storage System A City By-Pass A new Concert Hall More housing [2640/31/01] 10% 24% 12% 19% Page twelve Not Very Important 24% 38% 29% 43% Fairly Important 45% 27% 40% 27% Very Important 21% 11% 19% 11% Rockford 90·0% 35·5% $24,574 8·9% 15·8% 51 US average 85% 28% $27,334 8·1% 13·8% 72

QUESTION 3 (A) (b) (CONTINUED) There are two Interest Groups hoping to represent Rockford City at a Presidential Conference on “Solving City Problems”. STATEMENTS FROM THE TWO INTEREST GROUPS Interest Group A: SAVE OUR CITY • People in Rockford can easily afford to pay more taxes in order to solve their problems as they earn much more than the US average. • SAVE OUR CITY thinks that more new housing in Rockford is not a priority and the people of Rockford agree that this is the case. • The recent oil spill was a huge problem for both our fishing fleet and sea pollution. The President should be encouraged to compensate local fishermen. • Illegal immigrants bring advantages to local businesses as they are good workers which helps our local economy grow. This is important to the people of Rockford. • Cities like Rockford have a bigger problem with poverty when compared to the US as a whole. The President should be encouraged to act on this. Interest Group B: PUT PEOPLE FIRST • Rockford has a well qualified workforce with a higher percentage college graduates than the US, which will help solve our problems. This development of skills should be encouraged. • Rockford is an expanding city which means it should invest in a new water storage system. Most people in Rockford view this project as important. • The oil industry is very important as a provider of jobs both now and in the future, as the Rockford economy is in decline. • Compared to the US, serious violent crime is a big problem in cities such as Rockford. Local policing must be improved. • PUT PEOPLE FIRST, like most local people, believes that a new city by-pass is important as it will mean less congestion in the city. This would be good for Rockford residents. Use only the Information about the two Interest Groups and Sources 3, 2 and 3. (i) State which Interest Group would be the more suitable to represent Rockford at the conference on “Solving City Problems”. (ii) Give three detailed reasons to support your choice. (iii) Give two detailed reasons why you have rejected the other Interest Group. In your answer, you must relate the Statements from the two Interest Groups to the information in the Sources. (Enquiry Skills, 10 marks) NOW GO TO QUESTION 4 ON PAGE NINETEEN [2640/31/01] Page thirteen

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QUESTION 3 (CONTINUED) (B) CHINA (a) Chinese citizens have rights and responsibilities.

 

Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of Chinese citizens. In your answer, you must use Chinese examples. (Knowledge and Understanding, 8 marks)

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QUESTION 3 (B) (CONTINUED) (b) Study Sources 3, 2 and 3 and the Statements from the two Interest Groups below and opposite, then answer the question which follows. SOURCE 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT SHENZHEN Shenzhen is a city in the south east of China with a population of over 10 million. Shenzhen’s population was only 300,000 people thirty years ago. Since 1992, the population size has doubled and this increase is mainly due to migrant workers from rural China. This has put a strain on local services such as housing, transport and sewage. SHENZHEN

Like many Chinese cities in Special Economic Zones (SEZ), HONG KONG Shenzhen has faced growing financial difficulties in recent years. The cost of the education system has been growing and the local hospitals now charge their patients a great deal. Many of the migrant workers, as well as some permanent Shenzhen residents, can no longer afford to be treated in a hospital and go to “illegal black clinics” instead. These problems are due to migrants not having the correct hukou (resident’s permit). Migrant workers have been very useful to Chinese and foreign businesses located in Shenzhen, as they often do the work which permanent residents do not want, such as working in sweatshop factories producing goods to be sold around the world. Many Shenzhen permanent residents have benefited from the cheap labour costs of their nanny, builder or tailor. SOURCE 2 A Statistical Comparison % completed 9 years compulsory schooling % with college degree or higher Average income per capita Unemployment rate % in poverty % of those in prison SOURCE 3 Public Opinion Survey in Shenzhen How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following … We should continue to encourage foreign investment. It is important to have cultural diversity within our city. Migrant workers should continue to move to Shenzhen. Pollution levels should be reduced. [2640/31/01] Page sixteen Strongly Disagree disagree 8% 6% 5% 16% 19% 18% 12% 23% Agree 25% 24% 37% 42% Strongly agree 48% 52% 46% 19% Migrant Workers in Shenzhen 40% 3% 10,750 yuan 10% 36% 73% Permanent Residents in Shenzhen 98% 42% 38,500 yuan 5% 9% 27%

QUESTION 3 (B) (b)(CONTINUED) There are two Interest Groups hoping to represent Shenzhen at a Guangdong Province Conference on “Solving City Problems”. STATEMENTS FROM THE TWO INTEREST GROUPS Interest Group A: STOP GROWTH • Migrant workers are more likely to go to jail than permanent residents. It is important that we send those migrants home in order to keep ourselves safe. • The huge number of migrant workers from rural China has put pressure on local services. Stopping migration would solve this problem. • Most people in our city do not think it is important to continue encouraging foreign investment. Chinese business should be encouraged. • Recent hospital charges have meant that a lot of migrant workers cannot afford to go to hospital. Fortunately, this has not affected permanent residents. • Almost all permanent residents have completed 9 years of school. Any migrant wishing to stay must have a similar standard of education, otherwise they are not welcome. Interest Group B: GROWTH IS GOOD • Since there is little difference in the earnings of migrant workers and permanent residents, the city benefits from the similar spending power. We would put this point strongly to the conference. • The majority of people in Shenzhen want their city to continue to welcome migrant workers. They are good for Shenzhen. • Unemployment levels for both migrant workers and permanent residents are very similar. The conference has to be made aware that there is no difference in employment prospects between the groups. • Migrant workers greatly help businesses, whilst many local people employ them also. They are essential to the city. • Shenzhen is a multicultural city, which is a great strength. It is, also, the only issue which a majority of people strongly agree with, and the conference should be made aware of it.

Use only the Information about the two Interest Groups and Sources 3, 2 and 3. (i) State which Interest Group would be the more suitable to represent Shenzhen at the conference on “Solving City Problems”. (ii) Give three detailed reasons to support your choice. (iii) Give two detailed reasons why you have rejected the other Interest Group. In your answer you must relate the Statements from the two Interest Groups to the information in the Sources. (Enquiry Skills, 10 marks) NOW GO TO QUESTION 4 ON PAGE NINETEEN [2640/31/01] Page seventeen

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SYLLABUS AREA 4—INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS QUESTION 4 (a) PROBLEMS FACED BY AFRICAN PEOPLE Poor Education Civil War HIV/AIDS

 

Choose one of the problems above. Describe, in detail, the ways in which the problem you have chosen affects the lives of African people. (Knowledge and Understanding, 4 marks)

(b)

The European Union is an alliance which provides many benefits for its members.

 

Describe, in detail, the benefits that the European Union provides for its members. (Knowledge and Understanding, 4 marks)

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QUESTION 4 (CONTINUED) You have been asked to carry out two investigations. The first investigation is on the topic in the box below. The UK and Terrorism Now answer questions (c) and (d) which follow.

(c) State a relevant hypothesis for your investigation. (Enquiry Skills, 2 marks) (d) Give two relevant aims to help you prove or disprove your hypothesis. (Enquiry Skills, 2 marks)

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QUESTION 4 (CONTINUED) The second investigation is on the topic in the box below. NATO’s anti-piracy operation Now answer questions (e) and (f) which follow. (e) To help you investigate NATO’s anti-piracy operation, you decide to carry out a search on the internet. You enter the phrase “NATO’s anti-piracy operation” into an internet search engine. Six results are shown below.

1. BBC News ­ — Somali piracy: Armed guards to protect UK ships www.bbc.co.uk/news Oct 2011—Ships sailing under a British flag will be able to carry armed guards to protect them from pirates, the Prime Minister announces. 2. British Commandos free 20 crew held hostage on pirate “mothership” www.dailymail. co.uk Dec 2011—Backed by a helicopter, a boarding team stormed the cargo vessel, which had been hijacked by pirates to use as a base to attack merchant ships. 3. Blackwater Security’s Anti Piracy Plans www.maritime.about.com/od/ July 2011—Anti-Piracy Plans Detailed. The diplomatic documents released recently by the WikiLeaks organization include a confidential cable from the US Embassy. 4. NATO extends anti-piracy operation off Somalia until end 2014 en.rian.ru/world Dec 2012—Piracy off the coast of Somalia has been a threat to international shipping since the second phase of the Somali Civil War in the early 21st century. 5. First–NATO–News www.nato.int/cps Mar 2012—Head of NATO Maritime Group meets with Somalia’s World Food Programme leader. 6. Private navy goes to war on Somali pirates www.sundaytimes.co.uk Jan 2013—Private navy created by businessmen to take on Somali pirates.

Which result do you think would be most useful? Explain your answer. (Enquiry Skills, 2 marks) [2640/31/01] Page twenty-one [Turn over

QUESTION 4 (CONTINUED) (f) Your teacher recommends that you also try to find out the views of ordinary people in NATO countries on NATO’s anti-piracy operation. On the NATO website, you find an attitude survey. attitude survey are shown below. The results of the NATO

NATO SURVEY ON SOMALI PIRACY (10th–17th April 2013 via the NATO website) YES (%) Question 1—Are you aware that NATO has an anti-piracy operation? Question 2—Do you think that NATO is doing a good job fighting piracy? Question 3—Should the UK spend more money combatting piracy? Question 4—Have you or anyone you know, been a victim of piracy? 23 6 10 1 NO (%) 77 21 89 99 DON’T KNOW (%) 0 73 1 0

Ten thousand people completed the survey. Most respondents were from the UK and Germany. 65% of those who responded were female. Those who completed the survey were between the ages of 16 and 81. (i) Give one detailed reason why the survey is a good source for helping you find out the views of ordinary people in NATO countries. (ii) Give one detailed reason why the survey is not a good source for helping you find out the views of ordinary people in NATO countries. (Enquiry Skills, 4 marks)

 

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