Is globalisation leading to a single, homogenised global society and culture? What does the idea of multiple modernities contribute to debate on this question?

Is globalisation leading to a single, homogenised global society and culture? What does the idea of multiple modernities contribute to debate on this question?

2 parts to the question, make sure you answer both:
– conceptual/theoretical:
o present the idea that globalisation is leading to social and cultural homogenization (eg both Marxist and neo-liberal accounts)
o outline the multiple modernities perspective’s view on the issue (and its view of globalisation, compatible with some theories, eg Robertson)
o Inglis, Turner and Khondker both have stuff on both these points
– empirical:
o provide empirical evidence to support your argument.
o This should draw on material presented in the case studies of multiple modernities we have covered in the unit.
o Evidence of homogenisation may also be relevant to your argument.
– Main argument:
o Civilisational analysis and the perspective of multiple modernities, and globalisation theory seem to have contradictory views of the contemporary world, but if we understand globalisation properly, they are compatible
– Key references:
o Inglis, D., 2010 ‘Civilizations or globalization(s)?: intellectual rapprochements and historical world-visions.’ European Journal of Social Theory 13 (1), pp135-152
o Pieterse, J. N. 2009, Multipolarity means thinking plural: Modernities, in Protosociology: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 26, p19-35. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333088114.pdf
o Turner, S. and H. H. Khondker, 2010, ‘Introduction: Prospects for a new sociology of globalization’ in Globalization East and West, Sage, London, pp1-16. (ebook)
o Turner, S and H H Khondker, 2010, Ch2 ‘Conceptualizing globalization’ ‘Introduction: Prospects for a new sociology of globalization’ in Globalization East and West, Sage, London.
Additional References

Aly, W 2007 ‘Introduction’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West,Picador: Sydney, pp xi-xx.
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333063981.pdf

Aly, W 2007 ‘What is so Medieval about al-Qa’ida?”’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West,Picador: Sydney, pp 178-208.
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333063980.pdf

Aly, W 2007 ‘Women as a battlefield’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West, Picador: Sydney, pp 104-177.

Aly, Waleed 2007 ‘Reformists, Reformation and Renaissance’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West ,Picador: Sydney, pp 208-235.

Amineh M P and Eisenstadt SN 2007 ‘The Iranian Revolution: The Multiple Contexts of the Iranian Revolution’, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology.

Arjomand, S 2013 ‘Multiple Modernities and the Promise of Comparative sociology’, in Worlds of Difference, Sage, Los Angeles.

Arnason, J P 2001 ‘Civilizational Patterns and Civilizing Processes’, International Sociology 16(3): 387–405.

Arnason, J P 2002 ‘The Multiplication of Modernity’ in Identity, Culture and Globalization, (Annals of the International Institute of Sociology, 8), Brill, Leiden.

Arnason, J P2003 Civilizations in dispute: historical questions and theoretical traditions, Brill, Leiden.

Arnason, JP 2006 ‘Marshall Hodgson’s Civilizational Analysis of Islam: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives’, in Johann P.

Arnason, Armando Salvatore, and Georg Stauth (eds) Islam in Process: Historical and Civilizational Perspectives, vol. 7, Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam, pp. 23–47. Transcript; Bielefeld, Transaction New Brunswick, NJ.

Arnason, JP 2007 ‘Civilizational analysis: a paradigm in the making’, in Robert Holton (ed) World Civilizations, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK, http://www.eolss.net

Arnason, Johann P., Salvatore, Armando and Stauth, Georg, eds 2006 Islam in Process: Historical and Civilizational Perspectives, vol. 7, Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam. Bielefeld: Transcript; New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Arnason, J P 1999 ‘East Asian Approaches: Region, History and Civilization’, Thesis Eleven, Vol.57(1), p.97-112 http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/97.full.pdf+html

Arnason, JP 2007 ‘Civilizational analysis: a paradigm in the making’, in Robert Holton (ed) World Civilizations, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK, http://www.eolss.net

Asad, T 1997, ‘Europe against Islam: Islam in Europe’, Muslim World, vol. 87, no. 2, p. 183.

Baykan, A and R Robertson 2002 ‘Spatializing Turkey’ in Ben-Rafael, E & Sternberg, Y (eds) Identity, Culture and Globalization, Brill, Leiden, pp3-17.

Ben-Rafael, E & Sternberg, Y (eds), 2002 ‘Analyzing our Time,’ in Identity, Culture and Globalization, Brill, Leiden, pp3-17

Ben-Rafael, E and Y Sternberg (eds) 2002, Identity, Culture and Globalization (Annals of the International Institute of Sociology, 8), Brill, Leiden.

Ben-Rafael, ES and Y Sternberg 2005. Comparing Modernities: Pluralism Versus Homogenity. Essays in Homage to Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, Brill, Leiden

Delanty, G 2003, ‘The Making of a Postwestern Europe: A Civilizational Analysis’, Thesis Eleven, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 8-25

Delanty, G 2005 Handbook of contemporary European and Social Theory

Delanty, G and P O’Mahony 2002 Nationalism and Social Theory: Modernity and the Recalcitrance of the Nation, Sage London.

Devji, F 2007, ‘Apologetic Modernity’, Modern Intellectual History, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 61-76, Dirlik, A 2003, ‘Global Modernity? Modernity in an Age of Global Capitalism’, European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 275-292.

Drew, G 2007 Development within Multiple Modernities, University of North Carolina

Eisenstadt, SN 1986 [1973] ‘The Protestant Ethic and the emrgence of European Modernity’ in Traditon, Change and Modernity, Robert E Krieger Publishing company, Malabar, FL

Eisenstadt, SN 1986 [1973] ‘The Major Premises of European Modernity’ in Traditon, Change and Modernity, Robert E Krieger Publishing company, Malabar, FL

Eisenstadt, SN 1999 ‘Some considerations on modernity’, in Fundamentalism, Sectarianism and Revolution, CUP, Cambridge, UK.

Eisenstadt, SN 1989 ‘Cultural Tradition, Historical Experience, and Social Change: The Limits of Convergence’, The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, University of California, Berkeley.

Eisenstadt, SN 1987 ‘Introduction: Historical Traditions, Modernization and Development, in SN Eisenstadt (ed) Patterns of Modernity, Vol 1, Frances Pinter, London. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/907073.pdf

Eisenstadt, SN 2000 ‘The Civilizational Dimension in Sociological Analysis’, Thesis Eleven, vol 62, pp1-21.

Eisenstadt, SN 2000 ‘The Axial Age’, in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick. (ebook)

Eisensadt, SN 2003 Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 ‘Globalization, civilizational traditions and multiple modernities’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden. ebook)http://www.swin.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=253608&pg=944

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 21 ‘Multiple Modernities in an Age of Globalization,’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 38 ‘The reconstruction of religious arenas in the framework of multiple modernities’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden. Ebook.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 36 ‘Civilizational traditions and multiple modernities’, in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt SN(ed) 2005 Multiple Modernities, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick

Fourie, E 2012 ‘A future for the theory of multiple modernities: Insights from the new modernisation theory’ Social Science Information, 51, 1 pp.52-69

Kamali, M 2006 Multiple modernities, civil society and Islam: the case of Iran and Turkey, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press

Kamali, M 2007, ‘Multiple Modernities and Islamism in Iran’, Social Compass, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 373-387,

Kilnani, S 1997 The Idea of India, London: Penguin

Knobl, W 2006, ‘Of contingencies and breaks: the US American South as an anomaly in the debate on multiple modernities’, Archives européennes de sociologie, vol. XLVII, no. 1, pp. 125-157, Ebscohost, viewed 7th July 2009.

Kaya, I 2004 “Modernity, Openness, Interpretation: A Perspective on Multiple Modernities.” Social Science Information 43(1): 35-57.

Kaya, I 2004 ‘Islam and Modernity: Radical openness to interpretation’ in Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. Ebookhttp://www.swin.eblib.com.au/EBLWeb/patron/?target=patron&extendedid=P_380687

Karagiannis, N and Wagner, P 2007 Varieties of World-Making: beyond globalisation

Keyman, EF 2007 Remaking Turkey L: global alternative modernity and Democracy

Louie, K(ed) 2008 The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lu, J 2008, ‘Multiple Modernities and Multiple Proximities: American Internet Companies’ Predicament in China’, Conference Papers — International Communication Association, 2008 Annual Meeting, pp. 1-32.

Mozaffari 2002 Globalisation and civilisations Routledge ebook

Nandy, A and Jahanbegloo 2012 Talking india: Ashis Nandy in conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo, Oxford Scholarship online (especially ‘Tradition and Modernity’)
http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195678987.001.0001/acprof-9780195678987

Oomen, T K 2005 ‘Challenges of Modernity in a global age’ in Ben-
Rafael, E. S., Yitzhak Comparing Modernities : Pluralism Versus Homogenity. Essays in Homage to Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, Brill, Leiden.

Osella, CO, F. 2006, ‘Once upon a time in the West? Stories of migration and modernity from Kerala, South India’, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 569-588.

Pieterse, J N 2009 Multipolarity means thinking plural: Modernities, in Protosociology: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. 2009, Vol. 26, p19-35. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333088114.pdf

Ray, L 2006 ‘Fundamentalism, modernity and the new Jacobins’, Economy and Society Vol 28 no 2, pp 198-22.

Roetz, H 2008, ‘Confucianism between Tradition and Modernity, Religion and Secularization: Questions to T u Weiming’, Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 367-380. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=35176740&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Tong, S 2004 ‘Multiple modernities, Strauss, and contemporary epistemology: Charles Taylor meets Chinese Scholars in Shanghai.’ Dao 3(2): 299-306. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02856672

Salvatore, A ‘Repositioning ‘Islamdom’: the culture-power syndrome within a transcivilizational ecumene’, European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 99-115,

Smith, C 2006 ‘On multiple modernities: shifting the modernity paradigm’, unpublished paper, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. Google for pdf

Smith C and B Vaidyanathai 2011 ‘Multiple Modernities and Religion’ in Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity. Ebook

Smith, J. 2010. The many Americas: Civilization and modernity in the Atlantic world. European Journal of Social Theory, 13, 117-133.

Is globalisation leading to a single, homogenised global society and culture? What does the idea of multiple modernities contribute to debate on this question?

Is globalisation leading to a single, homogenised global society and culture? What does the idea of multiple modernities contribute to debate on this question?

2 parts to the question, make sure you answer both:
– conceptual/theoretical:
o present the idea that globalisation is leading to social and cultural homogenization (eg both Marxist and neo-liberal accounts)
o outline the multiple modernities perspective’s view on the issue (and its view of globalisation, compatible with some theories, eg Robertson)
o Inglis, Turner and Khondker both have stuff on both these points
– empirical:
o provide empirical evidence to support your argument.
o This should draw on material presented in the case studies of multiple modernities we have covered in the unit.
o Evidence of homogenisation may also be relevant to your argument.
– Main argument:
o Civilisational analysis and the perspective of multiple modernities, and globalisation theory seem to have contradictory views of the contemporary world, but if we understand globalisation properly, they are compatible
– Key references:
o Inglis, D., 2010 ‘Civilizations or globalization(s)?: intellectual rapprochements and historical world-visions.’ European Journal of Social Theory 13 (1), pp135-152
o Pieterse, J. N. 2009, Multipolarity means thinking plural: Modernities, in Protosociology: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 26, p19-35. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333088114.pdf
o Turner, S. and H. H. Khondker, 2010, ‘Introduction: Prospects for a new sociology of globalization’ in Globalization East and West, Sage, London, pp1-16. (ebook)
o Turner, S and H H Khondker, 2010, Ch2 ‘Conceptualizing globalization’ ‘Introduction: Prospects for a new sociology of globalization’ in Globalization East and West, Sage, London.
Additional References

Aly, W 2007 ‘Introduction’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West,Picador: Sydney, pp xi-xx.
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333063981.pdf

Aly, W 2007 ‘What is so Medieval about al-Qa’ida?”’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West,Picador: Sydney, pp 178-208.
http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333063980.pdf

Aly, W 2007 ‘Women as a battlefield’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West, Picador: Sydney, pp 104-177.

Aly, Waleed 2007 ‘Reformists, Reformation and Renaissance’ in People Like Us: How arrogance is dividing Islam and the West ,Picador: Sydney, pp 208-235.

Amineh M P and Eisenstadt SN 2007 ‘The Iranian Revolution: The Multiple Contexts of the Iranian Revolution’, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology.

Arjomand, S 2013 ‘Multiple Modernities and the Promise of Comparative sociology’, in Worlds of Difference, Sage, Los Angeles.

Arnason, J P 2001 ‘Civilizational Patterns and Civilizing Processes’, International Sociology 16(3): 387–405.

Arnason, J P 2002 ‘The Multiplication of Modernity’ in Identity, Culture and Globalization, (Annals of the International Institute of Sociology, 8), Brill, Leiden.

Arnason, J P2003 Civilizations in dispute: historical questions and theoretical traditions, Brill, Leiden.

Arnason, JP 2006 ‘Marshall Hodgson’s Civilizational Analysis of Islam: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives’, in Johann P.

Arnason, Armando Salvatore, and Georg Stauth (eds) Islam in Process: Historical and Civilizational Perspectives, vol. 7, Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam, pp. 23–47. Transcript; Bielefeld, Transaction New Brunswick, NJ.

Arnason, JP 2007 ‘Civilizational analysis: a paradigm in the making’, in Robert Holton (ed) World Civilizations, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK, http://www.eolss.net

Arnason, Johann P., Salvatore, Armando and Stauth, Georg, eds 2006 Islam in Process: Historical and Civilizational Perspectives, vol. 7, Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam. Bielefeld: Transcript; New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Arnason, J P 1999 ‘East Asian Approaches: Region, History and Civilization’, Thesis Eleven, Vol.57(1), p.97-112 http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/97.full.pdf+html

Arnason, JP 2007 ‘Civilizational analysis: a paradigm in the making’, in Robert Holton (ed) World Civilizations, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK, http://www.eolss.net

Asad, T 1997, ‘Europe against Islam: Islam in Europe’, Muslim World, vol. 87, no. 2, p. 183.

Baykan, A and R Robertson 2002 ‘Spatializing Turkey’ in Ben-Rafael, E & Sternberg, Y (eds) Identity, Culture and Globalization, Brill, Leiden, pp3-17.

Ben-Rafael, E & Sternberg, Y (eds), 2002 ‘Analyzing our Time,’ in Identity, Culture and Globalization, Brill, Leiden, pp3-17

Ben-Rafael, E and Y Sternberg (eds) 2002, Identity, Culture and Globalization (Annals of the International Institute of Sociology, 8), Brill, Leiden.

Ben-Rafael, ES and Y Sternberg 2005. Comparing Modernities: Pluralism Versus Homogenity. Essays in Homage to Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, Brill, Leiden

Delanty, G 2003, ‘The Making of a Postwestern Europe: A Civilizational Analysis’, Thesis Eleven, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 8-25

Delanty, G 2005 Handbook of contemporary European and Social Theory

Delanty, G and P O’Mahony 2002 Nationalism and Social Theory: Modernity and the Recalcitrance of the Nation, Sage London.

Devji, F 2007, ‘Apologetic Modernity’, Modern Intellectual History, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 61-76, Dirlik, A 2003, ‘Global Modernity? Modernity in an Age of Global Capitalism’, European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 275-292.

Drew, G 2007 Development within Multiple Modernities, University of North Carolina

Eisenstadt, SN 1986 [1973] ‘The Protestant Ethic and the emrgence of European Modernity’ in Traditon, Change and Modernity, Robert E Krieger Publishing company, Malabar, FL

Eisenstadt, SN 1986 [1973] ‘The Major Premises of European Modernity’ in Traditon, Change and Modernity, Robert E Krieger Publishing company, Malabar, FL

Eisenstadt, SN 1999 ‘Some considerations on modernity’, in Fundamentalism, Sectarianism and Revolution, CUP, Cambridge, UK.

Eisenstadt, SN 1989 ‘Cultural Tradition, Historical Experience, and Social Change: The Limits of Convergence’, The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, University of California, Berkeley.

Eisenstadt, SN 1987 ‘Introduction: Historical Traditions, Modernization and Development, in SN Eisenstadt (ed) Patterns of Modernity, Vol 1, Frances Pinter, London. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/907073.pdf

Eisenstadt, SN 2000 ‘The Civilizational Dimension in Sociological Analysis’, Thesis Eleven, vol 62, pp1-21.

Eisenstadt, SN 2000 ‘The Axial Age’, in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick. (ebook)

Eisensadt, SN 2003 Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 ‘Globalization, civilizational traditions and multiple modernities’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden. ebook)http://www.swin.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=253608&pg=944

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 21 ‘Multiple Modernities in an Age of Globalization,’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 38 ‘The reconstruction of religious arenas in the framework of multiple modernities’ in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden. Ebook.

Eisenstadt, SN 2003 Ch 36 ‘Civilizational traditions and multiple modernities’, in Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities, Brill, Leiden.

Eisenstadt SN(ed) 2005 Multiple Modernities, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick

Fourie, E 2012 ‘A future for the theory of multiple modernities: Insights from the new modernisation theory’ Social Science Information, 51, 1 pp.52-69

Kamali, M 2006 Multiple modernities, civil society and Islam: the case of Iran and Turkey, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press

Kamali, M 2007, ‘Multiple Modernities and Islamism in Iran’, Social Compass, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 373-387,

Kilnani, S 1997 The Idea of India, London: Penguin

Knobl, W 2006, ‘Of contingencies and breaks: the US American South as an anomaly in the debate on multiple modernities’, Archives européennes de sociologie, vol. XLVII, no. 1, pp. 125-157, Ebscohost, viewed 7th July 2009.

Kaya, I 2004 “Modernity, Openness, Interpretation: A Perspective on Multiple Modernities.” Social Science Information 43(1): 35-57.

Kaya, I 2004 ‘Islam and Modernity: Radical openness to interpretation’ in Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. Ebookhttp://www.swin.eblib.com.au/EBLWeb/patron/?target=patron&extendedid=P_380687

Karagiannis, N and Wagner, P 2007 Varieties of World-Making: beyond globalisation

Keyman, EF 2007 Remaking Turkey L: global alternative modernity and Democracy

Louie, K(ed) 2008 The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lu, J 2008, ‘Multiple Modernities and Multiple Proximities: American Internet Companies’ Predicament in China’, Conference Papers — International Communication Association, 2008 Annual Meeting, pp. 1-32.

Mozaffari 2002 Globalisation and civilisations Routledge ebook

Nandy, A and Jahanbegloo 2012 Talking india: Ashis Nandy in conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo, Oxford Scholarship online (especially ‘Tradition and Modernity’)
http://www.oxfordscholarship.com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195678987.001.0001/acprof-9780195678987

Oomen, T K 2005 ‘Challenges of Modernity in a global age’ in Ben-
Rafael, E. S., Yitzhak Comparing Modernities : Pluralism Versus Homogenity. Essays in Homage to Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, Brill, Leiden.

Osella, CO, F. 2006, ‘Once upon a time in the West? Stories of migration and modernity from Kerala, South India’, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 569-588.

Pieterse, J N 2009 Multipolarity means thinking plural: Modernities, in Protosociology: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. 2009, Vol. 26, p19-35. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://onlineres.swin.edu.au/99333088114.pdf

Ray, L 2006 ‘Fundamentalism, modernity and the new Jacobins’, Economy and Society Vol 28 no 2, pp 198-22.

Roetz, H 2008, ‘Confucianism between Tradition and Modernity, Religion and Secularization: Questions to T u Weiming’, Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 367-380. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=35176740&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Tong, S 2004 ‘Multiple modernities, Strauss, and contemporary epistemology: Charles Taylor meets Chinese Scholars in Shanghai.’ Dao 3(2): 299-306. http://ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02856672

Salvatore, A ‘Repositioning ‘Islamdom’: the culture-power syndrome within a transcivilizational ecumene’, European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 99-115,

Smith, C 2006 ‘On multiple modernities: shifting the modernity paradigm’, unpublished paper, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. Google for pdf

Smith C and B Vaidyanathai 2011 ‘Multiple Modernities and Religion’ in Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity. Ebook

Smith, J. 2010. The many Americas: Civilization and modernity in the Atlantic world. European Journal of Social Theory, 13, 117-133.