Project description
Like the other Genetics Assignments I ordered before there is a list of questions, short answers, true or false, matching and multiple choice, that needs to be solved,

however its crucial for me that you get your information from a specific source because this is an online course and it has a specific book, I don’t think the

professor will accept any outside sources other than the book. the book can be found online I believe and it has to be the eight edition because its the one we are

using for the course this is the title of the book Human Genetics Concepts and Applications 8th Edition (Eighth Edition)

Assignment 4
This assignment is marked out of 100 possible points and is worth 10% of your final grade. Complete it after you have finished Unit 16, and submit it to your tutor for

grading. Please submit this assignment via the appropriate Assignment Drop Box. If you require an alternative submission method, please contact your tutor. Note:

Assignments sent via post mail should include a Tutor-Marked Exercise Form.
Answer the questions in your own words, using full sentences where applicable. Please review the section of your Course Manual concerning Plagiarism and Academic

Misconduct before you complete Assignment 4.
For each of questions 1 5, select the most appropriate response, and explain your choice. (3 marks each; total = 15 marks)
1.    A blood transfusion is incompatible when the donor’s blood type is _______ and the recipient’s blood type is_________.
a.    B- ; AB+
b.    AB- ; O+
c.    O+ ; A+
d.    O- ; AB+
e.    A- ; AB-
Explain:
2.    Antibodies important to the immature immune systems of newborn human infants are
a.    IgA and IgM.
b.    IgD and IgE.
c.    IgE and IgG.
d.    IgG and IgA.
e.    IgM and IgE.
Explain:
3.    Which of the following characteristics is not typical of cancer cells?
a.    They have telomerase activity.
b.    They are highly specialized.
c.    They are heritable.
d.    They are transplantable.
e.    They lack contact inhibition.
Explain:
4.    Which of these genetic tests will confirm whether a newborn has a cystic fibrosis genotype?
a.    carrier screen
b.    prenatal screen
c.    diagnostic test
d.    predisposition test
e.    predictive test
Explain:
5.    The polymerase chain reaction has applications in
a.    forensics.
b.    environmental sciences.
c.    diagnostic tests in humans.
d.    the study of microorganisms.
e.    all of the above.
Explain:
6.    Match each descriptor or example in the right-hand column to the best term in the left hand column. Use only one descriptor per term, and one term per

descriptor. (10 marks)
Term    Descriptor/example
1.    ____    fever    a.     RNA template for DNA synthesis
2.    ____    innate immunity    b.     single nucleotide polymorphism
3.     ____    MAb    c.     separation of DNA fragments
4.    ____    telomerase    d.     evolutionary relationships
5.    ____    sporadic cancer    e.     stronger phagocyte attack
6.     ____    electroporation    f.     delivery of a gene to a specific location
7.    ____    electrophoresis    g.     somatic mutations
8.     ____    gene targeting    h.     delivery of a gene to a cell
9.    ____    positional cloning    i.     antibody used to target specific tissue
10.    ____    comparative genomics    j.     interferon and interleukins
7.    The human immune system has developed diverse, coordinated methods of resisting and destroying viruses.
a.    Describe the typical composition of a virus. Why are viruses not classified as living organisms? (3 marks)
b.    Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses? What characteristics do antibiotics specifically target, and why is this advantageous to humans? (3 marks)
c.    HIV has characteristics, such as a high rate of mutation, that enable it to evade the human adaptive immune response. Describe why it mutates faster than human

nuclear DNA. (3 marks)
d.    Lewis states, First, HIV enters macrophages, impairing this first line of defense (2008, p. 339). This is not quite true. To get this far, HIV managed to get

through the real first line of defense. What is this first line? Give two examples of its methods. (3 marks)
8.    What would be the likely immune response ability of an individual with a deletion of a Class II gene of the MHC on one chromosome and a nonsense mutation at

the beginning of the same gene on the homologue? (4 marks)
9.    A completely new protein has been synthesized by a research lab. You are inadvertently exposed to it and have an allergic response. What type of antibody

initiates this response? How can your body make antibodies to a new antigen? (4 marks)
10.    Viruses can cause an increase in the rate of transcription of proto-oncogenes in at least two ways: directly and indirectly. Describe these two modes. (6

marks)
11.    Give two reasons why a cancer associated with an inherited damaged p53 allele is not considered an autosomal recessive Mendelian trait.
(4 marks)
12.    Explain why a gain of function would be a dominant effect and a loss of function would be a recessive effect. Which types of genes are each associated with:

oncogenes or defective tumour suppressor genes? Why? (5 marks)
13.    What negative role does the environment play in causing cancer? What positive effects can the environment have? (3 marks)
14.    Identify four naturally occurring enzymes important to DNA technologies, and describe an example for each of their natural and technological uses. (10 marks)
15.    Match each of the methods or vectors below to an appropriate form of gene therapy, assigning two methods or vectors to each form. Use each method or vector

only once. (6 marks)
Methods/vectors: particle bombardment, microinjection, liposome, electroporation, virus, chemical hole formation.
Forms of gene therapy: in vivo, in situ, ex vivo
16.    Identify and compare the methods of somatic gene therapies for ADA deficiency described on pp. 404 405 (Lewis) and OTC deficiency described on pp. 405-406

(Lewis). (6 marks)
17.    Compare a genetic cause of male infertility to a genetic cause of female infertility. (4 marks)
18.    Describe the uses, process, and outcome of PGD. (6 marks)
19.    Research methods used in studying a genetic disease change with technological advances. These changes can be seen in Reading 22.1: Discovering the Huntington

Disease Gene, which describes the integrated Mendelian and molecular approaches in the investigation of Huntington disease. Briefly summarize the molecular studies.
(5 marks)

GENETICS

Report Instructions Salad BOL I 2016
Report Salad BOL I: Your report should include the following: a) An Abstract of 200 words or less that summarizes the goal/ hypothesis (including intermediate hypothesis if appropriate), methods, results, and implications/conclusions from this study. b) A Results section that includes your data tables transcribed from (not photographed from) your lab notebooks and containing predictions and observations (with table numbers and captions), and a brief written summary highlighting the results that you want the reader to notice – but without interpreting what the results mean. (For this section of Salad BOL the your observations would include your DNA concentration after PCR, your counts of white and blue colonies on the transformation plate, and any other observations that you think shed light on the questions below.labeled gel photo, standard curve, and table of fragment sizes). c) A Discussion section that draws a conclusion regarding the original goal/hypothesisand any intermediate goals/hypotheses, and describes your evidence about whether the goals have been metreasoning from question to results to conclusion. This is where interpretation of the results occurs. In other words, the discussion should be an argument marshalling support for your conclusions (not necessarily for your initial hypothesis) based on the results of the experiment. You may take class results into consideration, and if your own results are contradictory you should describe how they are contradictory and what might have caused the conflicting results. Be more specific than “mistakes were made”. Consider the possibility that mistakes were not made, or were not made by you. Your report is expected to be no more than 4 pages of text.
In preparing this report, consider the following questions:
What plant did you initially attempt to isolate DNA from?
Do you have evidence that your initial isolation of DNA from a plant was successful (or evidence that it was not?) Present the evidence (if any) in the Results, and in the Discussion address the meaning of that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence that the PCR process was successful (or not)? Describe that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence that the ligation of your PCR product into pGEM-T Easy was successful (or that it was not)? Present the evidence (if any) in the Results, and in the Discussion address the meaning of that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence that the transformation of E. coli JM109 with ligated plasmid (either P, or +, or without insert) was successful (or that it was not)? Present the evidence (if any) in the Results, and in the Discussion address the meaning of that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence that cells were transformed with plasmid containing any insert (or that they were not)? Present the evidence (if any) in the Results, and in the Discussion address the meaning of that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence that cells were transformed with plasmid containing your PCR product (or not)? Present the evidence (if any) in the Results, and in the Discussion address the meaning of that evidence, or explain why there is none.
Do you have evidence (1) that you had DNA from the plant at some point, but alsothat (2) you no longer do? If so, discuss this evidence, and consider at what step in the process your DNA was lost. Specifically what might have caused the loss of DNA? If you “borrowed” samples with DNA from others at any point, report that as well.
You do not yet have evidence of the size of the PCR fragment, or any sequence information. Looking ahead to the remainder of this project, at what point will you be able to tell whether the rbcL fragment that you isolated can be used to distinguish your species from your classmates’ species?