Order DescriptionLong Essay Questions Instructions Length: 2,000 words Due: 10 October 2016 by 11.59 (one minute before midnight) Assessments must be submitted online by uploading them to Blackboard before the deadline. Ensure that you receive and keep the emailed receipt for your submission. You must produce this receipt as evidence that you submitted it on time, or at all, if you essay goes astray for any reason. Remember that your essay will be screened by plagiarism-detection software (Turnitin), so be sure to adequately reference your work. Essays must be presented using the Chicago Manual of Style referencing system and set out in accordance with the Department of History essay-writing guides. These can be found here: http://sydney.edu.au/arts/history/undergrad/resources.shtml. The relevant files are: Department of History Guide to Presentation and Submission of Written Work (2016) Department of History Essay Writing Guide (2006, revised partially 2016) Department of History Guide to Using and Referencing Primary and Secondary Sources (2016) Follow their instructions, for example: use 1.5 or double spacing (we prefer double spacing); and 12 Times Roman or Cambria font with 2.5cm margins (no tiny font sizes or ostentatious/illegible/coloured fonts, such as Impact); place your name and the question (and its number) on the top of the first page; and number each page. Use footnotes as stipulated and not in-text citations. Do not confuse plurals and possessives: its and its (= it is), Nazis (plural) vs. Nazis (possessive). Such errors reflect poorly on your essay. For an essay of this length, the introduction should be roughly one page. Research and Resources This essay is a research exercise, so you need to make extensive use of the library resources: books and scholarly journal articles. By now, you should have taken a guided tour of the library, meaning that you are familiar with academic databases and can conduct targeted searches. So you can catch up, I have decided to devote the entire lecture on Wednesday 7 September to research skills. A colleague from the library will present. 1 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses There is no minimum or maximum amount of research: its up to you. But our experience is that research correlates to quality, so the more you do, the higher your mark. This URL http://libguides.library.usyd.edu.au/history?hs=a lists the key journals, databases, ebook collections and primary source materials for history. These resources are particularly useful: Historical Abstracts via Ebsco (1954-present) http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?a uthtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=hia Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: ODNB http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/subscribed Times Digital Archive via Gale Infotrac, 1785-1985 http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?URL=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/usyd ?db=TTDA JSTOR http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/ Two excellent reference works are: Nicholas Doumanis, ed., The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914-1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). It contains 31 chapters and is on two-hour reserve. Dan Stone, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Postwar European History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012). It contains 35 chapters and is available as an e-book. Questions 1. Assess the plausibility of the view that the Balkans were the powder keg of Europe before the First World War. 2. Why did the liberal and socialist reformist projects fail in Russia between 1900 and 1918? 3. Why did the communists succeed consolidate revolutionary victory in Russia where they failed in Germany and in Hungary? 4. Compare and contrast the demographic homogenization of Thessaloniki and Vilnius in the first half of the twentieth century. 5. Was the British and French use of colonial troops a decisive factor in their victory in the First World War? 2 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 6. How did the German labour movementthe trade unions, the social democrats, and independent socialistsrelate to the war effort between 1914 and 1918? 7. Was the Austro-Hungarian monarchy the prison house of nations as nationalists supposed? 8. Compare and contrast the appeal of syndicalism and anarchism in southern European societies with centralized labour movements in northern Europe. 9. Why did Greece invade Turkey in 1919 and why did its campaign fail? What were its consequences? 10. How and why did Serbia come to dominate the new southern Slavic state of Yugoslavia after the First World War? 11. What was modern about modern art in early twentieth-century Europe? 12. Assess the art of Kathe Kollwitz as political commentary. 13. How did the artistic movement of surrealism respond to the disorientation produced by the First World War? 14. Why was paramilitary violence so extensive after the formal conclusion of First World War hostilities? 15. Why did changes in young womens fashion in the 1920s seem so significant to social commentators? Discuss with reference to at least two European countries. 16. How did changes in advertising reflect or shape European culture in the 1920s and 1930s? 17. Why was Italy vulnerable to Fascist takeover? 18. Why did Polish democracy fail during the 1920s? 19. Compare and contrast the impact of the Depression in Great Britain and Germany. 20. Why was the Weimar Coalition of political parties unable to sustain the republic in the early 1930s? 21. Compare and contrast Polish and Czechoslovak policies to their Jewish citizens in the 1930s. 22. Compare and contrast Hungarian and Romanian policies to their Jewish citizens in the 1930s. 3 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 23. Explore the impact of Stalinist modernization and terror on the ordinary life of Soviet citizens in the 1930s. 24. Assess the success of the League of Nations in mediating international conflicts during the interwar years. 25. Assess the effectiveness of the minority protection treaties in the interwar years. 26. Was the famine in Ukraine in the early 1930s a genocide or byproduct of collectivization? 27. How important was anti-fascism as a social or political movement in the 1930s and 1940s in Europe? 28. To what extent does either Hitlerjunge Quex (1932) or Jud Suss (1940) bear out Nazi propaganda imperatives? (choose one film). 29. Was Fascism good for women in Italy? 30. Was Nazism good for women in Germany? 31. Examine the fate of gay and lesbians in Nazi Germany. 32. How did Jews react to antisemitic persecution in Germany and Poland in the 1930s? 33. Explore the relationship between the German euthanasia campaign and the genocide of European Jewry? 34. Could the medical experiments carried out by doctors in Nazi Germany be characterized as modern and scientific? 35. Account for the violent deportation of minority nations in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. 36. How and why was the Soviet Union able to prevail against the German armed forces during World War II? 37. How did Ukrainian nationalists try to realize their projects during and immediately after the Second World War? 38. Did the Spanish Civil War presage World War Two? If so, how? 39. Analyse the fate of aesthetic modernism in fascist societies. 40. Account for the half-century hegemony of social democracy in Sweden after 1932. 4 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 41. Why did Charlie Chaplins The Great Dictator offend people when it was released in 1940? 42. Why did advocates of socialist realism reject Picassos Guernica, his great painting of the Spanish Civil War? 43. Why did the Franco dictatorship last so long in Spain? 44. Why did the Salazar dictatorship last so long in Portugal? 45. Explain how European states responded to the refugee crisis caused by the Nazi persecution of Jews in the 1930s? 46. Compare and contrast Danish and Norwegian responses to Nazi occupation. 47. Compare and contrast Dutch and French responses to Nazi occupation. 48. Compare and contrast Polish and Czech responses to Nazi occupation. 49. Compare and contrast Czech and Slovak responses to the Nazi regime. 50. Compare and contrast anti-Jewish policies in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. 51. Compare and contrast the appeal and success (or otherwise) of the Arrow Cross party in Hungary and Iron Guard party in Romania. 52. Compare and contrast German partisan warfare tactics in Eastern Europe and Italy during World War II. 53. Compare and contrast German partisan warfare tactics in the Serbia and France during World War II. 54. Compare and contrast Croatian and Hungarian attempts to cleanse their lands of minorities during World War II. 55. Compare and contrast Romanian and Bulgarian attempts to cleanse their lands of minorities during World War II. 56. Compare and contrast how denunciations were used by the secret police in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. 57. Compare and contrast how the Italian Fascist, Nazi German, and Soviet regimes used carsproduction and/or accessin their ideals of citizenship and consumption. 5 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 58. Evaluate how Elem Klimovs Come and See (1985) represents the nightmare reality of war on the eastern front. 59. Compare and contrast the genres of war depicted in Elem Klimovs Come and See (1985) and Steven Spielbergs Saving Private Ryan (1998). 60. Was the expulsion of ethnic Germans from Eastern and Central Europe at the end of the Second World War orderly and humane as planned by the Allies? 61. What impact did the Second World War have on womens status and rights during and after the war? Compare and contrast two countries: one in Western Europe, another in Eastern Europe. 62. Compare and contrast the experience of Jews in East Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia after World War II until the late 1960s. 63. What would Lenin have thought of the political practices of his successors, Stalin and Khrushchev? 64. Why did the Dutch state try to revive its empire in the East Indies after World War II, and why did it fail? 65. Why was the Greek Civil War so bitter and protracted? 66. Assess the consequences of the Algerian war for France. 67. Compare and contrast the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and of Czechoslovakia in 1968. 68. Account for the strength of communist parties in Italy and France after the Second World War 69. How was the student movement of the late 1960s a response to a modernisation crisis? 70. In his celebrated book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), Thomas Picketty argues that the world wars reduced inherited inequality. Critically assess his thesis about the economic consequences of war in twentieth-century Europe. 71. Account for the treatment of Roma communities in Soviet-bloc countries. 72. How did football competitions in Western European countries reflect political tensions in the 1950s and 1960s? 73. Assess the taking of annual holidays as a phenomenon in twentieth-century Europe. 6 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 74. To what extent was Italy Americanised after the Second World War? 75. To what extent was West Germany Americanised? 76. To what extent was East Germany Russianised? 77. Why was France politically unstable after the Second World War compared to Great Britain? 78. Why was existentialism so popular as a philosophical and cultural movement in 1950s France? 79. Was Harold Macmillan right in telling the British in the 1950s that most of our people never had it so good? 80. To what extent was immigration into Western and Central Europe in the decades after the Second World War a legacy of imperialism? 81. Compare and contrast the status of women in East and West Germany. 82. In what circumstances did gay and lesbian movements become established in Western Europe in the late 1940s and 1950s and how successful were they in meeting their objectives? 83. Assess how Rainer Werner 84. Did the invention and prescription of the contraceptive pill mirror or produce a sexual revolution in Europe? 85. How did Nordic countries achieve such a high standard of living by the late twentieth century? 86. Did French president Charles de Gaulle modernise France? 87. Assess the effectiveness of the European Convention of Human Rights? 88. Assess Coco Chanel as a revolutionary figure in European popular culture. 89. How did the Italian director and writer, Pier Paolo Pasolini, embody the paradoxes of Italian life in the three decades after the end of the Second World War. 90. Why was Picasso the most significant European painter of the twentieth century? 91. Account for the decline in religious practice in post-World War II Europe. Focus on two countries: one in Eastern Europe, another in Western Europe. Fassbinders film, The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979), explores class and racial tensions in 1950s West Germany. 7 HSTY1044 Twentieth Century Europe (2016) Professor Dirk Moses 92. What does the popularity of jazz music say about popular culture in twentieth- century Europe? 93. Explore youth culture in Soviet-bloc countries in the 1960s and 1970s. To what extent were they Americanised? 94. Explore the relationship between feminism, the New Left, and the European student movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s. 95. To what extent were the Troubles in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to 1998 a consequence of the civil war in the 1920s? 96. Did the election of Margaret Thatcher as the first female prime minister of the United Kingdom represent an advancement for women in Britain? 98. Why did the Soviet Union collapse in 1990? 99. Why did Yugoslavia break up after the fall of communism? 100. Why was the conflict in the former Yugoslavia in the early and mid-1990s marked by ethnic cleansing and atrocities against civilians? 101. Compare and contrast secessionist movements in Scotland in the United Kingdom and Catalan in Spain. 102. Compare and contrast memory of the Holocaust in Ukraine and Lithuania after 1990. 103. Account for differing memories of Stalinism in Russia since the end of communism. 104. Compare and contrast the policies of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia after 1990 to the Slavic populations that settled in these countries during the Soviet era. 105. Compare and contrast Norwegian and Finnish positions to the European Union. 106. Compare and contrast Irish and British positions to the European Union. 107. Assess Peter Mairs argument that membership of the European Union has hollowed out the democracy of its member states: Peter Mair, Ruling the Void? The Hollowing of Western Democracy, New Left Review 42 (November-December 2006): 2551. 97. Compare and contrast how Florian Henckel von Donnersmarcks film, The Lives of Others (2006) and Anna Funders book, Stasiland (London: Granta, 2003) depict the impact of the East German spy agency on individuals and society during and after the regimes collapse. 8