Energy Expenditure

Use the Energy Expenditure Prediction equations from chapter 10 for treadmill walking and treadmill running and calculate VO2, Mets, and kCal for the same person at two intensities (hard and light) for both running and walking. Have the person exercise for at least 5 minutes and record heart rate every minute. (these calculations are already recorded in the “Notes on Paper” document)

Report your results in a table and identify the relationships between intensity, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Feel free to use graphs to help explain your findings. Next, identify how energy expenditure is related to energy systems in the body and discuss the pros and cons of using prediction equations to calculate energy expenditure compared to actually measuring oxygen usage.

Your assignment should be 3 – 5 pages in length, formatted following APA standard guidelines (double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman), plus a title page and a references page.

Source:
McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., Katch, V.L. (2014). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (8th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Feel free to use another source to add to the quality of the paper.

Report your results in a table and identify the relationships between intensity, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Feel free to use graphs to help explain your findings.

Next, identify how energy expenditure is related to energy systems in the body and discuss the pros and cons of using prediction equations to calculate energy expenditure compared to actually measuring oxygen usage.

Pros:

Scientific studies investigate and attempt to understand the natural world. Scientists use collected data and explanations to make predictions. Prediction equations are used as an organized method to make inferences based on previous knowledge and experiences. Prediction equations help us be able to estimate outcomes that would otherwise take increased time and effort.
In the case of calculated energy expenditure, an individual could know how much energy is being used without having to use the resources to measure actual expenditure. Prediction equations are easy to use, do not require measurement devices, and can be recorded off-site.

Cons:

oxygen consumption has been shown to differ in individuals. Factors such as heredity, state of training, gender, and age all influence oxygen usage (McArdle, et al., 2014). This is in addition to the mode of activity and body weight incorporated in the energy expenditure prediction equations. While the prediction equations are helpful in getting an idea of oxygen consumption, there are many variations in actual consumption that the equations cannot fully account for, and therefore do not accurately measure oxygen usage.
Table 1

Calculated Energy Expenditure for Treadmill Walking and Running at Light and Hard Intensities

Walking Running
Light Hard Light Hard
VO2 (mL·kg-1·min-1) 12.73 17.34 41.48 54.14
METs 3.64 4.95 11.85 15.47
kCal 5.85 7.97 19.06 24.88
Note. All intensities were measured for a 91-kg individual on a treadmill at a 4% grade. Speeds for light and hard walking and light and hard running were 2.0 mph, 3.0 mph, 6.0 mph, and 8.0 mph, respectively. Calculations for VO2, METs, and kCal were made based on the energy expenditure equations from McArdle et al. (2014).

Figure 1. Measured heart rate of a 91-kg individual for treadmill walking and running at light and hard intensities. All intensities were recorded for a treadmill at a 4% grade.

Energy Expenditure

Use the Energy Expenditure Prediction equations from chapter 10 for treadmill walking and treadmill running and calculate VO2, Mets, and kCal for the same person at two intensities (hard and light) for both running and walking. Have the person exercise for at least 5 minutes and record heart rate every minute. (these calculations are already recorded in the “Notes on Paper” document)

Report your results in a table and identify the relationships between intensity, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Feel free to use graphs to help explain your findings. Next, identify how energy expenditure is related to energy systems in the body and discuss the pros and cons of using prediction equations to calculate energy expenditure compared to actually measuring oxygen usage.

Your assignment should be 3 – 5 pages in length, formatted following APA standard guidelines (double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman), plus a title page and a references page.

Source:
McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., Katch, V.L. (2014). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (8th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Feel free to use another source to add to the quality of the paper.

Report your results in a table and identify the relationships between intensity, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Feel free to use graphs to help explain your findings.

Next, identify how energy expenditure is related to energy systems in the body and discuss the pros and cons of using prediction equations to calculate energy expenditure compared to actually measuring oxygen usage.

Pros:

Scientific studies investigate and attempt to understand the natural world. Scientists use collected data and explanations to make predictions. Prediction equations are used as an organized method to make inferences based on previous knowledge and experiences. Prediction equations help us be able to estimate outcomes that would otherwise take increased time and effort.
In the case of calculated energy expenditure, an individual could know how much energy is being used without having to use the resources to measure actual expenditure. Prediction equations are easy to use, do not require measurement devices, and can be recorded off-site.

Cons:

oxygen consumption has been shown to differ in individuals. Factors such as heredity, state of training, gender, and age all influence oxygen usage (McArdle, et al., 2014). This is in addition to the mode of activity and body weight incorporated in the energy expenditure prediction equations. While the prediction equations are helpful in getting an idea of oxygen consumption, there are many variations in actual consumption that the equations cannot fully account for, and therefore do not accurately measure oxygen usage.
Table 1

Calculated Energy Expenditure for Treadmill Walking and Running at Light and Hard Intensities

Walking Running
Light Hard Light Hard
VO2 (mL·kg-1·min-1) 12.73 17.34 41.48 54.14
METs 3.64 4.95 11.85 15.47
kCal 5.85 7.97 19.06 24.88
Note. All intensities were measured for a 91-kg individual on a treadmill at a 4% grade. Speeds for light and hard walking and light and hard running were 2.0 mph, 3.0 mph, 6.0 mph, and 8.0 mph, respectively. Calculations for VO2, METs, and kCal were made based on the energy expenditure equations from McArdle et al. (2014).

Figure 1. Measured heart rate of a 91-kg individual for treadmill walking and running at light and hard intensities. All intensities were recorded for a treadmill at a 4% grade.