Economics For Business (jaf)

This unit aims to help the learner become an effective and confident self-directed employee. This helps the learner become confident in managing own personal and professional skills to achieve personal and career goals.

Specification of Assessment
Unit abstract
This unit provides the learner with an understanding of what is meant by microeconomics and macroeconomics, the basic economic problem of scarcity, opportunity cost. It also explores what is meant by free market, command and mixed economies and how different economic systems decide what to produce, how to produce it and who to produce it for. It also looks at how equilibrium price and quantity are established and affected by changes in supply and demand. Identify the burden/benefit of taxation/subsidies on consumers and producers, the meaning of positive and negative externalities.

LO 1: Understand the nature of economic resources and that their finite supply creates the need for business organisations to make choices.
1.1 Explain the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics. P1
1.2 Explain the problems of scarcity and opportunity cost and how these concepts are related, using numerical examples and/or a production possibility frontier.  P2
1.3 Compare, using real world examples, the relative merits of alternative economic arrangements for overcoming the problem of scarcity in society. P3
LO 2: Understand the concept of market equilibrium and be able to use supply and demand analysis to examine how price is established within a market.
2.1 Explain, in words and with diagrams, the concept of equilibrium in a supply and demand model and illustrate the effects on equilibrium price and quantity of changes in market conditions. P4
2.2 Examine, using appropriate supply and demand diagrams, the effects of taxes and subsidies and the effects of price ceilings and price floors on market price and quantity traded. P5
2.3 Identify examples of positive and negative externalities and, using supply and demand analysis, demonstrate the effects of these externalities on the market equilibrium. P6
LO 3: Understand the concepts of elasticity of demand and supply and their application within the business decision making process.

.
3.1 Define, measure and interpret: price elasticity of demand; price elasticity of supply; income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand. P7
3.2 Explain, using diagrams and different concepts of demand elasticities, what is meant by each of the following: normal goods; inferior goods; luxury goods; complements and substitutes. P8
3.3 Examine the use of the concepts of elasticity by firms to analyse and evaluate market changes. P9
LO 4: Understand the economic theory of costs, the distinction between short-run and long- run costs, economies and diseconomies of scale, and their application to business.
4.1 Use formulae, diagrams and examples to explain the differences between fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, average cost and total cost. P10
4.2 Explain, using examples, the determination of short-run and long-run cost curves and describe the relationship between short and long run average cost curves. P11
4.3 Distinguish between economies and diseconomies of scale and discuss their relevance to the business decision-making process, including the potential implications for businesses arising from changes in size. P12
LO 5:
Understand the nature and characteristics of different market structures and how these structures affect business conduct and performance.
5.1 Explain how different market structures determine the marginal conditions for the profit-maximising output decisions of a firm. P13
5.2 Identify the distinctive features of firms operating in Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly and discuss the implications of these differences regarding pricing and output decisions of firms in the short run and long run. P14
5.3 Explain how different types of market structure will affect business decision making and create different policy alternatives within an organisation. P15
LO 6: Understand the role and importance of the banking and finance sector to the successful operation of a business
6.1 Outline the respective roles of the central bank and the commercial banking system and how they relate to the business environment. P16
6.2 Explain the concepts of inflation and deflation and their impact on business behaviour. P17
6.3 Explain the meaning and operation of monetary policy and how the use of different instruments such as changes in interest rates and changes in the money supply might influence business decision making. P18

Notes
•    Use a standard business report structure.
•    Word process the report.
•    Use 12 point Arial or Times New Roman script.
•    Use the Harvard referencing system..
•    Complete the title page and sign the statement of authenticity.
•    Use a butterfly or treasury tag to keep the pages of your work together.

Learning outcomes, assessment and grading criteria
Learning outcomes and criteria covered by this assignment:
The aims of this assignment are to measure the outcome of students’ learning in terms of knowledge acquired, understanding developed and skills or abilities gained in relation to achieve the learning outcomes (LO) and criteria (i.e. P, M, D):

Learning Outcome

Assessment Criteria

1.    Understand the nature of economic resources and that their finite supply creates the need for business organisations to make choices.

1.1 Explain the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
1.2 Explain the problems of scarcity and opportunity cost and how these concepts are related, using numerical examples and/or a production possibility frontier.
1.3 Compare, using real world examples, the relative merits of alternative economic arrangements for overcoming the problem of scarcity in society.
2. Understand the concept of market equilibrium and be able to use supply and demand analysis to examine how price is established within a market.

2.1 Explain, in words and with diagrams, the concept of equilibrium in a supply and demand model and illustrate the effects on equilibrium price and quantity of changes in market conditions.
2.2 Examine, using appropriate supply and demand diagrams, the effects of taxes and subsidies and the effects of price ceilings and price floors on market price and quantity traded.
2.3 Identify examples of positive and negative externalities and, using supply and demand analysis, demonstrate the effects of these externalities on the market equilibrium.

3. Understand the concepts of elasticity of demand and supply and their application within the business decision making process.

3.1 Define, measure and interpret: price elasticity of demand; price elasticity of supply; income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand.
3.2 Explain, using diagrams and different concepts of demand elasticities, what is meant by each of the following: normal goods; inferior goods; luxury goods; complements and substitutes.
3.3 Examine the use of the concepts of elasticity by firms to analyse and evaluate market changes.

4. Understand the economic theory of costs, the distinction between short-run and long- run costs, economies and diseconomies of scale, and their application to business.

4.1 Use formulae, diagrams and examples to explain the differences between fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, average cost and total cost.
4.2 Explain, using examples, the determination of short-run and long-run cost curves and describe the relationship between short and long run average cost curves.
4.3 Distinguish between economies and diseconomies of scale and discuss their relevance to the business decision-making process, including the potential implications for businesses arising from changes in size

5. Understand the nature and characteristics of different market structures and how these structures affect business conduct and performance.

5.1 Explain how different market structures determine the marginal conditions for the profit-maximising output decisions of a firm.
5.2 Identify the distinctive features of firms operating in Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly and discuss the implications of these differences regarding pricing and output decisions of firms in the short run and long run.
5.3 Explain how different types of market structure will affect business decision making and create different policy alternatives within an organisation.

6. Understand the role and importance of the banking and finance sector to the successful operation of a business.

Outline the respective roles of the central bank and the commercial banking system and how they relate to the business environment.
6.2 Explain the concepts of inflation and deflation and their impact on business behaviour.
6.3 Explain the meaning and operation of monetary policy and how the use of different instruments such as changes in interest rates and changes in the money supply might influence business decision making.

Merit Descriptors    Distinction Descriptors

M1    identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions    D1    use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions

M2    select/design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques    D2    take responsibility for managing and organising activities

M3    present and communicate appropriate findings    D3    demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking

Achievement of a pass grade
A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for each individual unit.

Achievement of a merit or distinction grade
All the assessment criteria and merit grade descriptors need to be completed within a unit to achieve a merit grade.

All the assessment criteria, merit and distinction grade descriptors must be completed within a unit to achieve a distinction grade.

Economics For Business (jaf)

This unit aims to help the learner become an effective and confident self-directed employee. This helps the learner become confident in managing own personal and professional skills to achieve personal and career goals.

Specification of Assessment
Unit abstract
This unit provides the learner with an understanding of what is meant by microeconomics and macroeconomics, the basic economic problem of scarcity, opportunity cost. It also explores what is meant by free market, command and mixed economies and how different economic systems decide what to produce, how to produce it and who to produce it for. It also looks at how equilibrium price and quantity are established and affected by changes in supply and demand. Identify the burden/benefit of taxation/subsidies on consumers and producers, the meaning of positive and negative externalities.

LO 1: Understand the nature of economic resources and that their finite supply creates the need for business organisations to make choices.
1.1 Explain the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics. P1
1.2 Explain the problems of scarcity and opportunity cost and how these concepts are related, using numerical examples and/or a production possibility frontier.  P2
1.3 Compare, using real world examples, the relative merits of alternative economic arrangements for overcoming the problem of scarcity in society. P3
LO 2: Understand the concept of market equilibrium and be able to use supply and demand analysis to examine how price is established within a market.
2.1 Explain, in words and with diagrams, the concept of equilibrium in a supply and demand model and illustrate the effects on equilibrium price and quantity of changes in market conditions. P4
2.2 Examine, using appropriate supply and demand diagrams, the effects of taxes and subsidies and the effects of price ceilings and price floors on market price and quantity traded. P5
2.3 Identify examples of positive and negative externalities and, using supply and demand analysis, demonstrate the effects of these externalities on the market equilibrium. P6
LO 3: Understand the concepts of elasticity of demand and supply and their application within the business decision making process.

.
3.1 Define, measure and interpret: price elasticity of demand; price elasticity of supply; income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand. P7
3.2 Explain, using diagrams and different concepts of demand elasticities, what is meant by each of the following: normal goods; inferior goods; luxury goods; complements and substitutes. P8
3.3 Examine the use of the concepts of elasticity by firms to analyse and evaluate market changes. P9
LO 4: Understand the economic theory of costs, the distinction between short-run and long- run costs, economies and diseconomies of scale, and their application to business.
4.1 Use formulae, diagrams and examples to explain the differences between fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, average cost and total cost. P10
4.2 Explain, using examples, the determination of short-run and long-run cost curves and describe the relationship between short and long run average cost curves. P11
4.3 Distinguish between economies and diseconomies of scale and discuss their relevance to the business decision-making process, including the potential implications for businesses arising from changes in size. P12
LO 5:
Understand the nature and characteristics of different market structures and how these structures affect business conduct and performance.
5.1 Explain how different market structures determine the marginal conditions for the profit-maximising output decisions of a firm. P13
5.2 Identify the distinctive features of firms operating in Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly and discuss the implications of these differences regarding pricing and output decisions of firms in the short run and long run. P14
5.3 Explain how different types of market structure will affect business decision making and create different policy alternatives within an organisation. P15
LO 6: Understand the role and importance of the banking and finance sector to the successful operation of a business
6.1 Outline the respective roles of the central bank and the commercial banking system and how they relate to the business environment. P16
6.2 Explain the concepts of inflation and deflation and their impact on business behaviour. P17
6.3 Explain the meaning and operation of monetary policy and how the use of different instruments such as changes in interest rates and changes in the money supply might influence business decision making. P18

Notes
•    Use a standard business report structure.
•    Word process the report.
•    Use 12 point Arial or Times New Roman script.
•    Use the Harvard referencing system..
•    Complete the title page and sign the statement of authenticity.
•    Use a butterfly or treasury tag to keep the pages of your work together.

Learning outcomes, assessment and grading criteria
Learning outcomes and criteria covered by this assignment:
The aims of this assignment are to measure the outcome of students’ learning in terms of knowledge acquired, understanding developed and skills or abilities gained in relation to achieve the learning outcomes (LO) and criteria (i.e. P, M, D):

Learning Outcome

Assessment Criteria

1.    Understand the nature of economic resources and that their finite supply creates the need for business organisations to make choices.

1.1 Explain the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
1.2 Explain the problems of scarcity and opportunity cost and how these concepts are related, using numerical examples and/or a production possibility frontier.
1.3 Compare, using real world examples, the relative merits of alternative economic arrangements for overcoming the problem of scarcity in society.
2. Understand the concept of market equilibrium and be able to use supply and demand analysis to examine how price is established within a market.

2.1 Explain, in words and with diagrams, the concept of equilibrium in a supply and demand model and illustrate the effects on equilibrium price and quantity of changes in market conditions.
2.2 Examine, using appropriate supply and demand diagrams, the effects of taxes and subsidies and the effects of price ceilings and price floors on market price and quantity traded.
2.3 Identify examples of positive and negative externalities and, using supply and demand analysis, demonstrate the effects of these externalities on the market equilibrium.

3. Understand the concepts of elasticity of demand and supply and their application within the business decision making process.

3.1 Define, measure and interpret: price elasticity of demand; price elasticity of supply; income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand.
3.2 Explain, using diagrams and different concepts of demand elasticities, what is meant by each of the following: normal goods; inferior goods; luxury goods; complements and substitutes.
3.3 Examine the use of the concepts of elasticity by firms to analyse and evaluate market changes.

4. Understand the economic theory of costs, the distinction between short-run and long- run costs, economies and diseconomies of scale, and their application to business.

4.1 Use formulae, diagrams and examples to explain the differences between fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, average cost and total cost.
4.2 Explain, using examples, the determination of short-run and long-run cost curves and describe the relationship between short and long run average cost curves.
4.3 Distinguish between economies and diseconomies of scale and discuss their relevance to the business decision-making process, including the potential implications for businesses arising from changes in size

5. Understand the nature and characteristics of different market structures and how these structures affect business conduct and performance.

5.1 Explain how different market structures determine the marginal conditions for the profit-maximising output decisions of a firm.
5.2 Identify the distinctive features of firms operating in Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly and discuss the implications of these differences regarding pricing and output decisions of firms in the short run and long run.
5.3 Explain how different types of market structure will affect business decision making and create different policy alternatives within an organisation.

6. Understand the role and importance of the banking and finance sector to the successful operation of a business.

Outline the respective roles of the central bank and the commercial banking system and how they relate to the business environment.
6.2 Explain the concepts of inflation and deflation and their impact on business behaviour.
6.3 Explain the meaning and operation of monetary policy and how the use of different instruments such as changes in interest rates and changes in the money supply might influence business decision making.

Merit Descriptors    Distinction Descriptors

M1    identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions    D1    use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions

M2    select/design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques    D2    take responsibility for managing and organising activities

M3    present and communicate appropriate findings    D3    demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking

Achievement of a pass grade
A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for each individual unit.

Achievement of a merit or distinction grade
All the assessment criteria and merit grade descriptors need to be completed within a unit to achieve a merit grade.

All the assessment criteria, merit and distinction grade descriptors must be completed within a unit to achieve a distinction grade.