1. (TCO 1) Opportunity cost is best defined as (Points : 4)

marginal cost minus marginal benefit.

the time spent on an economic activity.

the value of the best forgone alternative.

the money cost of an economic decision.

2. (TCO1) Which is not a factor of production? (Points : 4)

Money

Land

Labor

Capital

3. (TCO1) A point outside the production possibilities curve is (Points : 4)

attainable, but there is not full employment

attainable, but there is not optimal allocation

unattainable because the economy is inefficient

unattainable because of limited resources

4. (TCO1) A basic characteristic of a command system is that (Points : 4)

wages paid to labor are higher

government owns most economic resources

free markets are never permitted in a command economy

government planners play a limited role in deciding what goods will be produced

5. (TCO 2) Which is consistent with the law of demand? (Points : 4)

A decrease in the price of tacos causes no change in the quantity of tacos demanded

An increase in the price of pizza causes an increase in the quantity of pizza demanded

An increase in the price of hamburgers causes a decrease in the quantity of hamburgers demanded

A decrease in the price of turkey sandwiches causes a decrease in the quantity of turkey sandwiches demanded

6. (TCO 2) A decrease in supply and a decrease in demand will (Points : 4)

increase price and affect the equilibrium quantity in an indeterminate way

decrease the equilibrium quantity and decrease price

increase the equilibrium quantity and affect price in an indeterminate way

decrease the equilibrium quantity and affect price in an indeterminate way

7. (TCO 2) You are the sales manager for a software company and have been informed that the price elasticity of demand for your most popular software is less than one.  To increase total revenues, you should (Points : 4)

increase the price of the software

decrease the price of the software

hold the price of the software constant

increase the supply of the software

8. (TCO 2) The price elasticity of demand increases with the length of the period considered because (Points : 4)

consumers’ incomes will increase over time

the demand curve will shift outward as time passes

all prices will increase over time

consumers will be better able to find substitutes.

9. (TCO 2) A profit-maximizing firm in the short run will expand output (Points : 4)

until marginal cost begins to rise

until total revenue equals total cost

until marginal cost equals average variable cost

as long as marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost

10. (TCO 2) Which case below best represents a case of price discrimination? (Points : 4)

An insurance company offers discounts to safe drivers.

A major airline sells tickets to senior citizens at lower prices than to other passengers.

A professional baseball team pays two players with identical batting averages different salaries.

A utility company charges less for electricity used during “off-peak” hours, when it does not have to operate its less-efficient generating plants.

11. (TCO 3) A major reason that firms form a cartel is to (Points : 4)

reduce the elasticity of demand for the product

enlarge the market share for each producer

minimize the costs of production

maximize joint profits

12. (TCO 3) The main difference between the short run and the long run is that (Points : 4)

firms earn zero profits in the long run

the long run always refers to a time period of one year or longer

in the short run, some inputs are fixed

in the long run, all inputs are fixed

13. (TCO 4) A recession is a decline in (Points : 4)

the inflation rate that lasts six months or longer

the unemployment rate that lasts six months or longer

real GDP that lasts six months or longer

potential GDP that lasts six months or longer

14. (TCO 4) The unemployed are those people who (Points : 4

do not have jobs.

are not employed but are seeking work

are not working

are not working

15. (TCO 4) GDP is the market value of (Points : 4)

resources (land, labor, capita, and entrepreneurship) in an economy in a given year

all final goods and services produced in an economy in a given year

consumption and investment spending in an economy in a given year

all output produced and accumulated over the years

16. (TCO 4) Nominal GDP differs from real GDP because (Points : 4)

nominal GDP is based on constant prices

real GDP is based on current prices

real GDP is adjusted for changes in the price level

nominal GDP is adjusted for changes in the price level

17. (TCO 6) When the federal government uses taxation and spending actions to stimulate the economy it is conducting (Points : 4)

fiscal policy

incomes policy

monetary policy

employment policy

18. (TCO 6) Refer to the graph.  What combination would most likely cause a shift from AD1 to AD3?

Increases in taxes and government spending

Decrease in taxes and increase in government spending

Increase in taxes and decrease in government spending

Decreases in taxes and government spending

19. (TCO 6) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included mostly (Points : 4)

increases in taxes and government spending

decreases in taxes and government spending

increases in government spending and decreases in taxes

decreases in government spending and increases in taxes

20. (TCO 6) The lag between the time the need for fiscal action is recognized and the time action is taken is referred to as the (Points : 4)

crowding-out lag

recognition lag

operational lag

administrative lag

Page 2

1. (TCO 5) A decrease in government spending will cause a(n) (Points : 4)

increase in the quantity of real domestic output demanded

decrease in the quantity of real domestic output demanded

decrease in aggregate demand

increase in aggregate demand

2. (TCO 5) The long-run aggregate supply curve is (Points : 4)

upward-sloping and becomes steeper at output levels above the full-employment output

upward-sloping and becomes flatter at output levels above the full-employment output

horizontal

vertical

3. (TCO 5) Which would most likely increase aggregate supply? (Points : 4)

An increase in the prices of imported products

An increase in productivity

A decrease in business subsidies

A decrease in personal taxes

4. (TCO 5) Deflation refers to a situation where (Points : 4)

price level falls

price level rises

the rate of inflation falls

the rate of inflation rises

5. (TCO 6) Dissaving occurs when (Points : 4)

income is greater than saving

income is less than consumption

saving is greater than consumption

saving is greater than the interest rate

6. (TCO 7) The M1 money supply is composed of (Points : 4)

all coins and paper money held by the general public and the banks

bank deposits of households and business firms

bank deposits and mutual funds

checkable deposits and currency in circulation

7. (TCO 7) The basic requirement of money is that it be (Points : 4)

backed by precious metals–gold or silver

authorized as legal tender by the central government

generally accepted as a medium of exchange

some form of debt or credit

8. (TCO 7) The Federal Reserve System of the U.S. is the country’s (Points : 4)

financial adviser

comptroller or accountant

central bank

deposit insurance provider

9. (TCO 7) Which of the following is the most important function of the Federal Reserve System? (Points : 4)

Setting reserve requirements

Controlling the money supply

Lending money to banks and thrifts

Acting as fiscal agent for the U.S. government

10. (TCO 7) Money is “created” when (Points : 4)

a depositor gets cash from the bank’s ATM

a bank accepts deposits from its customers

people receive loans from their banks

people spend the incomes that they receive

11. (TCO 7) During the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the FDIC increased deposit insurance coverage from (Points : 4)

$50,000 to $100,000 per account

$100,000 to $250,000 per account

$200,000 to $500,000 per account

$500,000 to $1,000,000 per account

12. (TCO 7) The purchase and sale of government securities by the Fed is called (Points : 4)

federal funds market

open market operations

money market transactions

term auction facility

13. (TCO 7) The Federal Reserve could reduce the money supply by (Points : 4)

selling government bonds in the open market

buying government bonds in the open market

operating the term auction facility

reducing the discount rate

14. (TCO 8) Which country is the United States’ largest trading partner in terms of volume of trade? (Points : 4)

Mexico

Japan

China

Canada 

15. (TCO 8) The principal concept behind comparative advantage is that a nation should (Points : 4)

maximize its volume of trade with other nations

use tariffs and quotas to protect the production of vital products for the nation

concentrate production on those products for which it has the lowest domestic opportunity cost

strive to be self-sufficient in the production of essential goods and services

16. (TCO 8) A tariff is a (Points : 4)

Tax

Price ceiling

Quantity limit

Subsidy 

17. (TCO 8) Tariffs and quotas are costly to consumers because (Points : 4)

the price of the imported good falls

the supply of the imported good increases

import competition increases for domestic goods

consumers shift purchases to higher-priced domestic goods

18. (TCO 8) Tariffs and import quotas would benefit the following groups, except (Points : 4)

consumers of the product

domestic producers of the product

workers in domestic firms producing the product

the government of the importing country

19. (TCO 8) Which organization meets regularly to establish rules and settle disputes related to international trade? (Points : 4)

The United Nations Commission on Trade Law

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

The World Trade Organization

The Federal Reserve Board

20. (TCO 9) U.S. businesses are demanders of foreign currencies because they need them to (Points : 4)

produce goods and services exported to foreign countries

pay for goods and services imported from foreign countries

receive interest payments from foreign governments

receive interest payments from foreign businesses.

Page 3

1. (TCO 9) In the balance of payments statement, a current account surplus will be matched by a (Points : 4)

capital and financial accounts deficit

capital and financial accounts surplus

trade deficit

trade surplus

2. (TCO 9) A trade deficit means a net (Points : 4)

inflow of payments for goods and services

outflow of goods and services

inflow of goods and services

excess of exports over imports

3. (TCO 9) Foreign exchange rates refer to the (Points : 4)

price at which purchases and sales of foreign goods take place

movement of goods and services from one nation to another

price of one nation’s currency in terms of another nation’s currency

difference between exports and imports in a particular nation

4. (TCO 9) When the exchange rate between pounds and dollars moves from $2 = 1 pound to $1 = 1 pound, we say that the dollar has (Points : 4)

appreciated 

depreciated

inflated

deflated

5. (TCO 9) The monetary system for conducting international trade is usually described as a system of (Points : 4)

fixed exchange rates

freely floating exchange rates

a managed gold standard

managed floating exchange rates.

6.  (TCO 8) a) Explain four problems with the argument that trade protection is needed to protect American jobs.  b) Describe the economic reasons why businesses use offshoring.

7.  (TCO 6) a) Identify the four major tools of monetary policy. b) How can monetary policy address the problem of inflation?