Discussion 9: Legal and Ethical Conduct As emphasized in this week?s media presentation, all nurses need to be familiar with the laws and regulations that govern their practice: their state?s Nurse Practice Act, ANA?s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, specialty group standards of practice, etc. In addition, basic ethical principles guide nurses? decision-making process every day. ANA?s Code of Ethics and ANA?s Social Policy Statement are two important documents that outline nurses? ethical responsibilities to their patients, themselves, and their profession. This said, there is a dilemma: The laws are not always compatible with the ethical positions nurses sometimes take. This week?s Discussion focuses on such a dilemma. To prepare: Review this week?s Learning Resources, focusing on the information in the media presentation about the relationship between the law and ethics. Consider the ethical responsibility of nurses in ensuring patient autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice. Read the following scenario:Lena is a community health care nurse who works exclusively with HIV-positive and AIDS patients. As a part of her job, she evaluates new cases and reviews confidential information about these patients. In the course of one of these reviews, Lena learns that her sister?s boyfriend has tested HIV positive. Lena would like to protect her sister from harm and begins to consider how her sister can find out about her boyfriend?s health status. Consult at least two resources to help you establish Lena?s legal and ethical position. These resources might include your state?s Nurse Practice Act, the ANA?s Code of Ethics, ANA?s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, and internal or external standards of care. Consider what action you would take if you were Lena and why. Determine whether the law and the ANA?s standards support or conflict with that action. By Day 3 Post a description of the actions you would take in this situation, and why. Justify these actions by referencing appropriate laws, ethical standards, and professional guidelines. Read a selection of your colleagues? responses. By Day 6 Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways: Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format. Share an insight from having read your colleagues? postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. Expand on your colleagues? postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. Submission and Grading Information Discussion 10: Ethical Issues With an Aging Population According to the CDC, ?in the United States, the proportion of the population aged >65 years is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030,? (CDC, 2003, para. 2). Caring for this aging population is going to be one of the greatest challenges facing the health care industry. Not only will the number of individuals requiring care rise, but so will the cost. As poignantly stated by Crippen and Barnato, ?unless we change the practice of medicine and reduce future costs, and explicitly address the ethical dilemmas we face, there may come a time when our kids simply cannot afford us? (2011, p. 128). In this Discussion, you will examine the ethical issues that the United States and other nations must address when faced with the health care challenges of an aging population. To prepare: Consider the ethical aspects of health care and health policy for an aging population. Review the Hayutin, Dietz, and Mitchell report presented in the Learning Resources. The authors pose the question, ?What are the economic consequences, now and for future generations of taxpayers if we fail to adapt our policies to the changing reality of an older population?? (p. 21). Consider how you would respond to this question. In addition, reflect on the ethical decisions that arise when dispersing limited funds. Contemplate the impact of failing to adjust policy in accordance with the changing reality of an older population. Reflect on the ethical dilemmas that arise when determining expenditures on end-of-life health care. By Day 3 Post an explanation of the ethical standards you believe should be used in determining how resources should be allocated for an aging population and end-of-life care. Then, provide an analysis of the ethical challenges related to the preparation for the provision of such health care. Read a selection of your colleagues? responses. By Day 6 Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways: Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research using an in-text citation in APA format. Share an insight from having read your colleagues? postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives. Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library. Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research. Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings. Expand on your colleagues? postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.