Denial and deception are attempts by those you are collecting intelligence against to either prevent collection or to provide signals that are are misleading and deceptive.

This topic is worthy of a full course, but we must introduce this topic here in Intelligence collection. Read Deception.pdf for this discussion forum.

The question for this week is two-fold for collectors: How can you tell whether your collection is being targeted for disinformation or deception AND what measures as a collector can you take to reduce the effects of that disinformation/deception.

BEFORE POSTING: please be sure to check the readings in this week’s lessons. It is imperative to review these, study them, before posting so that you can learn the material and engage thoughtfully.

Clark, Robert. 2014. Intelligence Collection. 1st Edition. New York: Congressional Quarterly Press. – The VitalSource e-book is provided via the APUS Bookstore. Please visit http://apus.libguides.com/bookstore for more information.

The following readings are required BEFORE you post in the Week 3 Forum. These readings offer a perspective on the use of denial and deception by AQ affiliates as well as the activities and methods of defeating denial and deception.

Cyr, Brian. 2002. "Foreign Denial and Deception: Minimizing the Impact to Operational Intelligence." MA Diss. Naval War College. Deception (2002)

Moore, David. (2006). "So Many Ways to Lie." Defense Intelligence Journal, Volume 15, No. 2. Moore (2006)

Jessee, Devin. 2006. "Tactical Means, Strategic Ends." Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 18. Jesse (2006)

Godson, Roy and James Wirtz, 2000. "Strategic Denial and Deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol 13, pp. 424-437. Godson&Wirtz (2000)