Consider the following data relevant to valuing a European-style call option on a nondividend-paying stock: X = 40, RFR = 9 percent, T = six months (i.e., 0.5), and σ = 0.25.

a. Compute the Black-Scholes option and hedge ratio values for the series of hypothetical current stock price levels shown in Exhibit 23.11.

b. Explain why the values in Part a differ from those shown in Exhibit 23.11.

c. For S = 40, calculate the Black-Scholes value for a European-style put option. How much of this value represents time premium?