Provide an essay about Bullying……………

Answer:

According to Olweus (2004), Bullying is a form of behavior towards other individuals that involves acts of hostility with intent to inflict injury or suffering. Bullying takes place between two or more individuals and usually involves an attacker or group of attackers who commit acts of hostility towards one or more injured parties or victims.

The problem of bullying is prevalent in the United States.  According to research, bullying is common to all sections of society in the country regardless of social class, race, income and location (Nansel et.al., 2001).  Bullying affects boys and girls differently. Boys represent the majority of bullying victims, particularly physical bullying involving bodily harm. Girls, on the other hand, suffer most from psychological bullying which may consist of teasing and verbal sexual harassment. Boys also represent the larger part of assailants that perform acts of bullying. Acts of bullying towards boys has been shown to originate mainly from other boys while girls tend to fall victim to both girls and boys. (Olweus, 1993).

Particular groups of children face increased risk of bullying. They include children of different sexual orientation, handicapped children and children whose ethnic group is different from the majority of the school population (APA, 2004)

Types of Bullying

Bullying may take many forms. Actions committed towards other with intent to inflict bodily injury constitute physical bullying. Psychological bullying involves verbal abuse and insults, teasing, sexual harassment, cyber bullying, and various other forms of intimidation and abuse.

Causes and Effects of Bullying

According to the American Psychological Association, bullying may stem from a variety of factors such as peer pressure, influences within the family and the culture ingrained in the school. Youth who engage in acts of aggression towards others are prone to other problem behaviors such as willful destruction of property, drug abuse and violent tendencies (Olweus, 2004).

Acts of hostility inflicted on victims of bulling have been shown to produce harmful effects in terms of the psychological state and social life of the victimized individual. According to Olweus, the bullied individual experiences emotional distress resulting in diminished self-esteem, depression and fear (1993). Bullying in schools may also lead to suicidal tendencies among children, avoidance of the school setting by children who are constantly bullied by their schoolmates, and isolation of bullying victims from the schools social setting (APA, 2004)

References

American Psychological Association (2004) APA Resolution on Bullying Among Children and Youth. Retrieved 1 March 2012 from:

http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/bully_resolution.pdf

Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behavior among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100. Retrieved 1 March 2012 from:

http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/285/16/2094.full?sid=b464c0db-664d-464d-9c3a-c57c2c5b28f7

Olweus, D. (1993b). Victimization by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. In K. H. Rubin & J. B. Asendorf (Eds.), Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness (pp. 315-341). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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