Background: #Blacklivesmatter argues that police involvement in the pride parade/march creates an unsafe atmosphere for some communities who have, historically and currently, been victims of anti-Black and anti-LGBTQ police brutality, impunity and use of deadly force. They also hold the view that policing has always served the needs of colonialism, racism and capitalism by relentlessly protecting the state and private property.

QUESTION: What is the political utility of #Blacklivesmatter Toronto & Montreal: (a) holding up Torontos & Montreal gay pride parades and (b) asking the Toronto & Montreal gay pride committees to ban police floats from future gay pride parades as a show of solidarity? Is this inimical to racial justice, rights, liberty, police reform, and police relations with Black and LGBTQ communities? What is the relationship between BLM LGBTQ social movements, state violence, and political development and social policy in Canada?

All essays must have an abstract.  Preparing abstracts will help you develop your topic, theoretical framework and clarify your road map. 

The paper must adhere to the following format: APA style with an abstract for evaluation. Times New Roman 12pt type, double spaced, 1 margins all around, length ten-15 (10-15) pages (feel free to go longer). Please number your pages, staple your work, include your legal name, course title, code, student number and professors name. NB!

Essay submission format: abstract and cover page not counted in your 10-15 pages; one journal article to be submitted along with your essay not counted; references not counted; page numbering; no website citation; academic texts and journal articles only.

All essays are to employ a race, class and gender analysisthis is known as intersectionality.  You will be encouraged to analyze the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of racial (in)justice in diverse contexts within frameworks that recognize the salience of social identities, including but not limited to class, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and ability.

A race/class/gender analysis is also known as Intersectionality; it is another way or methodology for studying the relationships among multiple dimensions and modalities of social relationships and subject formations” (McCall 2005). Intersectionality holds that the classical conceptualizations of oppression (Links to an external site.) within society (Links to an external site.), such as racism (Links to an external site.), sexism (Links to an external site.), homophobia (Links to an external site.), and religion-based bigotry (Links to an external site.), do not act independently of one another; instead, these forms of oppression interrelate, or are tied/connected to each other, creating a system or facets of oppression that reflects the “intersection” of multiple forms of discrimination (Links to an external site.).

For more on intersectionality PLEASE READ:
(1) Andersen, M. L., & Collins, P. H. (Eds.). (1997). Race, class, and gender: An anthology (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

(2) Andersen, M. L. (1993). Thinking about women: Sociological perspectives on sex and gender(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillian Publishing Company.

(3) Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013). Intersectionality: Theorizing Power, Empowering Theory, 38(4). (Links to an external site.) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669608 (Links to an external site.).

(4) Lorde, G. A. (1984). The master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house.
In Audre Lorde, From sister outsider: Essays and speeches (pp. 110-113).
Berkeley, CA: The Crossing Press. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/audrelorde- the-master-s-tools-will-never-dismantle-the-master-s-house.a4.pdf

(5)Cathy J. Cohen, (2005) Punks, Bulldaggers, and Welfare Queens: The Radical Potential of Queer Politics in Black Queer Studies: A Critical Anthology, eds. E. Patrick Johnson and Mae Henderson (Durham: Duke UP, 21-51.

(6) Crichlow, W. (2003). Seeking Inclusion. In W. Crichlow, Buller men & batty bwoys: Hidden men in Toronto & Halifax Black communities (pp. 4175). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press

(7) Martin Manalansan IV(1995) In The Shadows of Stonewall: Examining Gay Transnational Politics and the Diasporic Dilemma, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 2.4 (1995): 425-438.

REQUIREMENT: 10-15 pages maximum, employing a race, class and gender analysis, your submission must include: (1) abstract, (2) 1 journal article used and attached to final paper, course books cited from course readings, double-spaced, excluding bibliography and cover/title page.

The Outline For Your Essays
You must include the eight (8) sections/parts/subheadings, think of it as your academic GPS

1) Title (Cover page) page: 1
Title of your paper
Your Banner ID Number (e.g., 100123456).
Institutional Affiliation
Student legal name

2) Abstract: page 2
In 100 words or less, provide a brief summary of what your paper is about. In 100 words or less, provide a brief summary of what your paper is about.
An abstract is a excerpted passage, brief, summary or short statement that describes your paper. It contains for example but not exclusive the theoretical framework, scope, purpose, methodology, results, and contents of the work.

3) Introduction: page3
Define the problem, its nature, scope, extent and importance
Define the terms, theories, concepts to be used and why
State how you plan to add new knowledge to the given topic

4) Literature Review. This is another subheading or section
Discuss the work of prior researchers. This means summarizing the work that others have done (of course, you may have to read additional literature that precedes 2000 to become familiar with the activists, theoretical and scholarly debate in the literature) and find a way to discuss the existing works thematically, conceptually, or methodologically.
How is prior work or theorists relevant to your current literature review?
Provide a synthesis and criticism of existing works (theoretical, conceptual, operational, methodological, and analytical).
What shortcomings (policy, law, procedures) and deficiencies exist in prior works? It is not sufficient to simply inform the reader about the previous works. In other words are the weakness or gaps in the authors arguments and line of thought.
A literature review is a way improving and building upon the work of other scholars. We are in the business of modifying the wheel, not reinventing it.
What remedies can you recommend to improve the existing state of knowledge?

5) Data Methods. This is another subheading or section 
For empirical projects, where did you acquire the data?
How are you planning to analyze the data?
Are there limitations associated with the use of this data and method of analysis?
This section is NOT necessary if you are writing a theoretical/conceptual /policy/review paper

6) Claims/results/findings. This is another subheading or section
What are your main findings/claims/arguments?
What arguments are you making?
What evidence are you providing in support of your argument and claim?
Findings should be presented in thematic categories

7) General discussion and conclusion. This is another subheading or section 
Does your finding/argument contravene or contradict the findings of prior research?
Does your finding support the current knowledge about a given topic?
Discuss the implications of your work for researchers and policymakers
Discuss the limitations of your own work
Discuss what future policy research you would recommend

8) References. This is on a separate page at the end of your paper, under the subheading references.
Use APA format: Please refer to the examples in the Concise Guide to APA Style, Seventh Edition, which is adapted by the American Psychological Association (APA) from its Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition. https://apastyle.apa.org/ (Links to an external site.)