Quiz 1

Question1 : Scientific Question

What is the effect of music on the development and growth of plants?

Question 2: Hypothesis and Rationale

Hypothesis

Playing classical music beside the plant every day will make it grow faster.

Rationale

Music consists of sound waves that travel at varying frequencies to be recognized. At the point when the plant is presented to the same music, it likewise gets the same sound waves and could be getting some type of stimuli that we are yet fit to get it.

Question 3: Experimental design
Two pots differently labeled having the same amount of soil with similar types oregano seeds. The pots are in such a way that they can get similar illumination and are watered with the same amount of water daily. One pot is placed beside a CD player with classical music being played throughout, and the other is kept away from the music.

Question 4: Dependent and the independent variable

The dependent is the growth of the oregano plants while the independent variable is the musical stimulation given to the plants.

The amount of water, the intensity of illumination and the oregano seeds are the control variables.

Question 5: Piece of data

Status of the plant	Average growth in height of the Oregon plant in (mm)
	1	2	3	4	5	6
Close to the CD	0	4	6	8	10	12
Far from the CD	0	1	2	3	4	6

 

Question 6: Conclusion

The hypothesis holds true: playing classical music to plants makes them grow more quickly.

Question 7: Limitations

The average height of the plants should be calculated to get the final height reached. This can be limiting as some plants might have grown in both extremes that are either too short or too tall.

Quiz 2

Question 1:

Circles were stamped out from the filter paper. One of them were soaked and exhausted in the concentrate. A glass pole was then used to jab it to the lowest part of the test tube containing the hydrogen peroxide result. The rises of the decay were seen to be adhering to the filter paper loop and convey it to the surface.

Question 2:

The two refer to the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower one. The difference between them is that Osmosis involves the specific movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 3: Movement of water

Concentration	Sketch
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic

 

Question 4: Blood type

Name	Anti A serum	Anti B serum	Anti Rh serum	Blood Type	Genotype
Thor	+	–	–	A	IA IA or IA Ii
Iron Man	+	+	–	AB	IAIB
Captain America	–	–	+	O	oo or IoIo

 

Question 5:

Yes. This couple can have a child of any blood group type, O-type inclusive.

Type A and Type B Individuals can either be homozygous or heterozygous. Assuming they are heterozygous the following can happen

I^A   I^o               I^B   I^o

 

 

 

I^AI^B   I^AI^o         I^BI^o       I^oI^o

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question 6:

Graph of Relative Enzymatic action against Temperature

 

Question 7:

 

Question 8:

Quiz 3

Question 1:

1. b) A hypothesis is best written using the “if, then because” format.

Question 2:

1. c) Results

Question 3:

1. Is the descriptive of the experiment performed

Question 4:

C

Question 5:

1. Cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 6:

1. D) All of the above

Question 7:

1. DNA and Starch

Question 8:

1. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane towards an area with low solute concentration.

Question 9:

D, 3M Sucrose

Question 10:

1. A temperature at 25 ºC.

Question 11:

1. All of the above

Question 12:
D. All of the above

Question 13:

1. A heterotrophic plant that obtains its nutrients from organic material.

Question 14:

1. Angiospermae

 

Question 15:
B. Platyhelminthes

Question 16:

1. Speed up the rate of chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 17:

1. Water and Oxygen

Question 18:

1. Pollination.

Question 19:

1. Fungi

Question 20:

1. A jointed appendages capable of various specialized forms of locomotion.

Question 21:

1. 
   Chordata.

 

Question 22:
D. All of the above

Quiz 4

Plant Kingdom	Common name or example	Important features
BryophytesMosses	Riccia and Funaria	Mature sporophyte
Lycophytes	Ferns, Paleo plants
Pteridophytes		Sori
Gymnosperms	Naked Seeded example Pinus and Cycus	Male pineconesFemale pinecones
Angiosperms	Seeds in a fruit	Frui

Non-plant Kingdom Groups	Common Name	Energy Source	Key Characteristics
Fungi		Heterotroph	Hyphae:Fruiting body:
Algae		Autotroph	Holdfast:
Lichen		Autotroph	Symbiosis()

 

The 9 Phyla of the animal kingdom	Common Names or Examples	Important features
Porifera	Demospongiae. Roundworms, Flatworms	Choanocytes:Refer to the distinctive cells line that are surrounded by a flagellum.
Cnidaria	Jellyfish, Hydra	Stinging cells; The cell releases spurts of poison.
Platyhelminthes	Platyzoa	Eye spots:These act photoreceptors
Nematoda	Adenophorea

 

Quiz 5

Competition for resources

Competition occurs when the capability of the environment to supply resources is smaller than the potential biological requirement, thereby causing organisms to interfere with each other. Competition is of two types, Interspecific and intraspecific. Intraspecific is as a result of individuals of the same species fighting to access the essential resource example i as plant trying to access water or sunlight. While interspecific competition occurs between different species.

Artificial v.s Natural selection

Artificial selection alludes to the purposeful rearing of living beings to create those of alluring attributes. An example incorporates manual sperm injection where the qualities of the posterity are resolved before hand.Natural selection alludes to the methodology whereby the qualities of a person that permits it to make due to create all the more posterity will in the long run show up in every individual species as those parts have additionally posterity as characterized by Charles Darwin.
Symbiotic Relationship

This is a type of relationship where two or more organisms live together and at least one member benefits from such relationship. The other members can either be hurt, relatively unaffected or can also be benefiting from it. An example includes the nitrogen fixating bacteria and the legume host.

Succession

It refers to the process whereby the biological structure evolves over time. The community begins with relatively few organisms which develop with time and increases in complexity until it becomes stable or self-perpetuating. It may be initiated either by the formation of a new niche or by some form of disturbance example windthrow of an existing community.

Food chain/food web

The food chain is a sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem. It normally starts with primary energy source which is linked to organisms, the primary producers, who make their food from the primary source. The primary producers are then linked to the primary consumers who are lastly linked to the secondary consumers. An example is the grass that is a primary producer which is eaten by a rabbit who is then eaten by a snake. Several food chains make a food web.

References

Mauseth, J. D. (2014). Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology (Vol. 5). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Niels H. Lauersen, C. B. (2010). Getting Pregnant: What Couples Need To Know Right Now.NY: Simon and Schuster

biology
BIOL-L104 students, Attached are the New England Journal of Medicine article “Improved Survival with Vermurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation” and the Supplementary Appendix for that article. That article reports results of the trial that the two cousins with melanoma participated in. [Note: “Vemurafenib” is a different name for “PLX4032.”] Part A: About the abstract, on page 2507: 1. Do your best to translate this statement into your own words: “At 6 months, overall survival was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78 – 89) in the vemurafenib group.” 2. The abstract says that “Response rates were 48% for vemurafenib and 5% for decarbazine.” What is the meaning of “response rate,” here? [Here’s a biig clue: the authors are referring to the RECIST meaning of “response.”] —– Part B: About the Supplementary Figure: “Disposition of patients accrued to BRIM,” on the final page of the Supplementary Appendix: [Note: The legend for that figure is on the page before the figure itself.] 1. How many subjects are in the intention-to-treat Vemurafenib group, and how many subjects are in the intention-to-treat Decarbazine group? [Note: Although we discussed extremely briefly “intention-to-treat” analysis in class, you may want to look up that term. Here are two resources about it: < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention-to-treat_analysis > and < http://aphasiology.pitt.edu/archive/00000188/01/23-05.pdf >.] 2. Based on this figure, does it look as though subjects who refuse treatment are allowed to remain in the trial? Explain. 3. What appears to be the main reason why patients who were screened were not admitted into the trial? —– Part C: Panel A of Figure 1: “Overall Survival,” on page 2511: 1. How many subjects were in the Decarbazine group, and how many subjects were in the Vemurafenib group? 2. Is it possible to tell from this figure how many subjects died in the Decarbazine group and how many died in the Vemurafenib group? If so, how many such deaths were there in each group? 3. What would you estimate to be the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to death A) for the Decarbazine group, and B) for the Vemurafenib group? [And, yes, I did intentionally use the term “estimate” twice, here.] 4. Why is there such a dramatic, sudden drop off of % alive between 10 and 11 months? (Presumably it wasn’t the case that tons of subjects died at the same, specific time. So, why the sudden drop off?) 5. Come up with and explain questions and thoughts (about Panel A of Figure 1). 6. Suppose that the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the % of one group’s subjects who are alive at a particular time point is 85%. Suppose that one subject in that group then dies. What would be the new Kaplan-Meier estimate of the % of subjects in that group who are alive immediately after that death? [Note: This question isn’t specifically about this figure, but is instead about the general method of determining Kaplan-Meier estimates.] —– Part D: Panel A of Figure 2: “Progression-free Survival,” on page 2512 1. What does “progression” mean? (Big hint: It’s the meaning used in RECIST guidelines.) 2. How many subjects were in the Decarbazine group, and how many subjects were in the Vemurafenib group? 3. Why do you suppose that the numbers of subjects in Panel A of this figure are different from those in Panel A of Figure 1? 4. How often does it seem as though tumors were supposed to be measured? Why do you say so? 5. Why do you suppose that the two curves have a sort of wavy or step-like appearance (with periodic, sudden vertical drops in %)? (What might be an explanation for that?) 6. What would you estimate to be the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to progression or death A) for the Vemurafenib group, and B) for the Decarbazine group? 7. Suppose that a subject’s tumors are measured and are judged to have not yet reached progression. Suppose that this subject dies before the tumors are measured again. Would that person’s death change the Progression-free Survival %? Explain. —– Part E: Figure 3: “Best Tumor Response for Each Patient,” on page 2513: 1. Why do you suppose that the numbers of subjects in this figure are different from those in Panel A of Figure 2? 2. Based on a quick glance at this figure, roughly what percentage of subjects seem to have had a RECIST Response A) in the Vermurafenib group, and B) in the Decarbazine group? —– Part F: As time permits, come up with and explain additional questions and thoughts about this article. Prof. [see attachment: “Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation.pdf”, size: 582180 bytes] [see attachment: “Supplementary Appendix.ImprovedSurvivalVemurafenib.pdf”, size: 66314 bytes] Client: plz answer the question