Please answer all of the following questions completely.

1. What are the sources of agreed upon knowledge? Briefly explain each. Why are they important?

2. What are the common errors in everyday reasoning? Briefly explain each.

3. What are the ways in which the errors common in everyday reason are reduced by the methods of social science?

4. What are the goals of social research? Briefly explain each.

5. What are the constraints on social research? Give an example of how one might experience each.

6. What is the circle of research? How does this demonstrate the role of theory in social research?

7. What are cross sectional and longitudinal designs? Briefly explain each.

8. What are the three types of longitudinal research? What is the difference?

9. What is the Belmont Report? Why is it important?

10. What is included in the Code of Ethics of the American Sociological Association? Briefly explain each.

11. What is debriefing? Does it solve the problem of deception? How much must researchers reveal before and after ?

12. What is a unit of analysis? What are the two fallacies associated with units of analysis? Briefly explain each.

13. What is the difference between a scale and an index?

14. What questions would you ask to measure the feeling of being “in” or “out” regard to a group? Write five questions for an index. What would your index look like?

15. What are the four levels of measurement? Briefly explain each and give an example of each by using a variable. (It doesn’t have to be the same concept/variable.)

16. What are the advantages of phrasing a question at a particular level of measurement rather than another. Explain.

17. What is validity? What are the five types of validity? Briefly explain each.

18. What is probability sampling? Why is it important?

19. What increases sampling error in probability-based sampling designs? What are the advantages for choosing a probability sampling method over another? Briefly explain.

20. What are the types of nonprobability sampling? Briefly explain.