Answer five of the following questions:

1) Present and compare the views of two of: Augustine, Aquinas, Suarez and Grotius on whether it is ever permissible to lie.

2) Explain Anselm’s interpretation of the claim that the Devil “did not stand in the truth” (John8:44). What does Anselm mean by truth here?

3) Augustine, Anselm, andGrosseteste all argue that truth could not fail to exist. Outline the argument in one of their versions. Is it a good argument? Why/Why not?

4) Sketch the solution to the Liar Paradox presented by one of the figures we have studied e.g. Bradwardine, Buridan, Ockham.

5) For both Holcot and Descartes it seems that whether God could deceive is connected with whether God could or does make prophecies that are categorical not conditional. Explain the connection and indicate briefly how each deals with it.

6) How does Ockham reconcile the necessity of the past and present with the claim that there are true contingent sentences about the future.

7) Descartes and Suarez agree that besides the truth or falsity of sentences there is a truth or falsity of concepts or ideas. Explain one of their views. How, according to that author, are the truth and falsity of sentence and of these simple items related?