Imagine that an observation is being made of an expected occultation of a distant star by a planet. Before the time when the star is expected to be temporarily blocked by the planet, the star’s light dims and then brightens again twice before disappearing behind the planet. After the star reappears on the other side of the planet, the same dimming and brightening occurs again. Explain what can be inferred from this and why. Also, describe an instance of a similar occurrence that you learned about in class.

What is the Drake equation and what does it estimate? Be sure to include an explanation of each factor.

How does the atmosphere of Venus compare to Earth’s atmosphere? Be sure to include comparisons of temperature, pressure, and composition. What are the implications for the study of Venus (both from orbit and the surface) and how has this been overcome?

What do we see when we see aurora from Earth? What is happening and why?