Based on David Hume’s point of view, Summarises the 1) Reasons favour and against the claim by George Soros’ focus on wrong doubt and 2) Reasons favour and against the claim by Soros’ Back Pain

Instructions: Please type your short essay responses to three of the questions below. You will do 1-A and then one question from #2 and one question from #3 of your own choosing. Answers should likely be between 450-700 words. Essays should be typed in size 12 Times New Roman font, printed front and back and stapled together. This exam is due no later Tuesday the 25th of October at the beginning of class.

1. Everyone must answer this question:
a. For the Ancient Greek Philosophers change posed a significant conceptual problem. Why? How did the pre-Socratics respond to the problem of change? How did Plato and Aristotle? What key differences are there between Plato’s metaphysics and Aristotle’s when it comes to answering the problem of how things can change?

2. Choose one of the following to answer:
a. Explain Plato’s theory of the Forms. Explain what “The Good” is. To do this, you should discuss The Analogy of the Sun, the Divided Line, and the Allegory of the Cave.
b. In the Euthyphro, Socrates’ tries to learn about piety and impiety. In your essay focus on the third definition, “Euthyphro’s Dilemma” where Socrates asks “whether the pious or holy is beloved by the gods because it is holy, or holy because it is beloved of the gods.” What does this mean? Why does Euthyphro not want to answer either way?
c. The following are questions about The Apology. If you select this choice, answer both questions in your essay answer:
i. First, Socrates says that the oracle at Delphi claimed he was the wisest man in Athens. Why? What does this cause Socrates to do? Why is this relevant to his trial? Second, Socrates likens himself to a gadfly. What does he mean by this? Why make the comparison?

3. Choose one of the following to answer:
a. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that happiness is activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. What does he mean by this? Draw the connection in your answer between virtue and happiness. To do this you will need to discuss means and ends, define virtue, and define happiness as Aristotle means it.
b. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle describes the so-called Golden Mean (sometimes translated: Doctrine of the Mean), suggesting that “excess and deficiency are fatal”. Using a virtue of your choice as an example, explain what Aristotle means.
c. Explain Aristotle’s conception of the soul. How does it differ from contemporary use of the term? What things have souls? How does a seed become a tree? Is there a natural hierarchy of beings which have souls for Aristotle?