Description of Assignment:
Reflective reaction paper and questions/comments for discussion (3 pts. each) – Approximately one-page paper (single spaced, 10-12 pt. font) in response to the assigned readings and daily content that includes at least two critical questions for discussion. Please do not provide a mere summary of the readings. Instead, please provide a thoughtful, scholarly reaction to the readings/content. Your reaction may include but is not limited to areas of agreement/disagreement, affirmation (or you can offer a counter argument with outside academic resource support), or other influences/connections. Your reaction statements should represent critical reflective thought

Week 5: Constructing Difference – Politics, Economics, and the “Science” of Inequality, Part 1

This week we begin exploring “Constructing Differences” by exploring the interactions of politics, economics, and the “science” of inequality on schooling and society. While exploring the content in this module, try to recognize similarities of struggles and achievements across groups as well as unique moments of the history of the explored groups. It is critical to be able to identify the role of policy (politics), economy (economics), and power relations of the historical moments explored. We have explored many foundational ideas leading up to this module. As you move forward, I ask that you consider the following question: How is public perception formed?
The content pages cover some basic terminology and ideas for this week. Please triangulate your personal experiences, the ideas explored in the expected readings for this module, and the ideas explored in the material in the content pages to further our conversations about society and education.
We plan to:
? Explore ideas about Constructing Differences;
? Explore ideas about the Intersectionality of Politics, Economics, and “Science”;
? Explore ideas about Inequality.
Module 5: Constructing Difference – Politics, Economics, and the “Science” of Inequality, Part 1

For this module, we are continuing our focus on constructing difference. This week, we specifically focus on the idea of ‘scientific managment’ and ‘meritocracy’. We will look intensely at intelligence and the perception of?
As we explore the content for this module, please continue to think about the role of the political economy and ‘scientific’ school management when reviewing the resources for this week.

References

Spring, J. (2014). The American school: A global context from the puritans to the Obama administration (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Tozer, S., Senese, G., & Violas, P. C. (2013). School and society: Historical and contemporary perspectives (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

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http://fod.infobase.com/p_Viewp01laylist.aspx?AssignmentID=GBJQWY

Directions for assignment

Reflective reaction paper and questions/comments for discussion (3 pts. each) – Approximately one-page paper (single spaced, 10-12 pt. font) in response to the assigned readings and daily content that includes at least two critical questions for discussion. Please do not provide a mere summary of the readings. Instead, please provide a thoughtful, scholarly reaction to the readings/content. Your reaction may include but is not limited to areas of agreement/disagreement, affirmation (or you can offer a counter argument with outside academic resource support), or other influences/connections. Your reaction statements should represent critical reflective thought.
Benjamin McGrew Revised 5-6-2015
Audio Visual Node
FEATURES
? Sweeping Optical/IR Camera with Motion Detection
? Sound Detection and Source Localization
? Solar Power Harvesting
? IEEE.802.11g Wireless Communication
DESCRIPTION
The Audio Visual Node(AVN) serves as a sensory extension for the Environmental Awareness System, which features increased versatility and adaptability over more available surveillance systems.
Each node can be used independently or in conjunction with other such nodes to improve performance of object tracking and noise source localization. Both manual and automated modes are available, and it inherently possesses a measure of self-preservation, capturing and transmitting any nearby attempt to tamper with the AVN.
The AVN is intended for use in outdoor environments with humidity less than 40%, and temperature ranges from 0oC to +70 oC.
COMPONENT DIAGRAM
FEATURE SET:
Feature
Description
Design Constraint
Scope
Required / Opportunistic
Wireless Module
Wi-Fi module for linking sensor nodes to base station
Must be compatible with standard IEEE 802.11g Wi-Fi protocol
Required
Optical/IR Camera Module
5MP camera modules to provide visual data about local environment based on conditions specified by user. Independently controllable.
Must be capable of 180 degree 1080p image acquisition in both monoscopic and stereoscopic capture modes.
Required
Sound Localization
Radially distributed microphone array to locate direction of noise source.
Must be accurate to +- 5 degrees for frequencies between 20 and 20000Hz.
Required
Solar Power
Solar energy harvesting to maintain battery for extended use.
Must provide enough power to run the sensor node and charge the external battery for 3 day of continuous operation when exposed to 8 hours of full daylight.
Required
INTERFACE SPECIFICATION:
Input:
Supplying Block Name
Supply Block Owner
Interface Specification Name
Base Station
Hassan Ali
Control Conditions
Output:
Customer Block Name
Customer Block Owner
Interface Specification Name
Base Station
Hassan Ali
A/V Data
Input
Output
Description
Control Conditions:
instructions.txt (file)
—
instructions.txt is a file modified by the base station and read by the AVN.
instructions.txt
S|D|M_###_J|P|T_##
—
(S|D|M) – MODE SETTING: (S)– Scan (D) – Motion Detection (M) – Manual (###) – FRAME RATE: (061+) – Max Rate (060 – 001) – Integer Rate
(.99-.00) – Decimal Rate
(J|P|T) – IMAGE FORMAT: (J) – .jpg (P) – .png
(T) – .tiff
(##) – THRESHOLD: (xx%) – Percent change
A/V Data:
—
Video (Folder) Audio (Folder)
‘Video’ and ‘Audio’ are shared folders that will accumulate collected data for use by the base station.
Video
—
S|D|M_time_date.format (Image File)
(S|D|M) – TRIGGER CONDITION: (S)– Scan (D) – Motion Detection (M) – Manual
(time) – TIME
(HHMMSS) – Hour, minutes, seconds
(date) – DATE (YYYYMMDD) – Year, month, day
(J|P|T) – IMAGE FORMAT: (J) – .jpg (P) – .png
(T) – .tiff
Audio
—
time_date_dir.txt (file)
(time) – TIME
(HHMMSS) – Hour, minutes, seconds
(date) – DATE (YYYYMMDD) – Year, month, day
(dir) – DIRECTION TO SOURCE (0-360) – equatorial degrees
time_date.txt
—
2-bit Hex string
Envelope detection will store a string of hex values 00 – FF with a sample rate of 60Hz. Max recording time of 10 minutes after which a new file will be generated to continue recording.
ACCEPTANCE TEST
Meet specifications within the feature set and characteristics tables. Wireless Module: Share files with simulated base station over IEEE 802.11g via WORKGROUP shared files. Camera Module: Capture, format, and store visual data in WORKGROUP folder. Sound Localization: Capture, write data sheet, and store within the WORKGROUP folder. Solar Power: Sustain operation solely from generated power while charging power supply.
SYSTEM LEVEL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Functional Block Diagram
Electrical Characteristics
Additional Characteristics
Raspberry Pi 2
Solar Panel
Power Supply
Pan/Tilt Mount
Sound Detector
Input Voltage
5V
—
5V – 240V
4.5 – 6V
4.5 – 5.5V
Output Voltage
0 – 5V
5 – 12V
5V
—
0.5 – 4.5V
Power Storage Capacity
—
—
6000mAh
—
—
Operating Temperature Range (Limiting)
0oC to +70 oC
—
—
—
—
Raspberry Pi 2
Wi-Fi Adapter
PiNoIR Camera
Operating System
Raspbian
—
—
Available Memory
600MB
—
—
Processor
900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU
—
—
RAM
1GB
—
—
Wireless Standards
—
IEEE.802.11n,g,b
—
Wireless Speed
— 11n:162/108/81/54/27Mbps 135/121.5/108/81/54/40.5/27/13.5Mbps 130/117/104/78/52/39/26/13Mbps 65/58.5/52/39/26/19.5/13/6.5Mbps 11g:54/48/36/24/18/12/9/6M(dynamic) 11b:11/5.5/2/1M(dynamic)
—
Wireless Frequency Range
— 2.4 – 2.4835GHz
—
Peak Throughttput
— 150Mbps
—
Receiver Sensitivity (without Standards antenna)
— 150M:-68dBm@10%PER 130M:-68dBm@10%PER 108M:-68dBm@10%PER 54M:-68dBm@10%PER 11M:-85dBm@8%PER 6M:-88dBm@10%PER 1M:-90dBm@8%PER
—-
Supported Operating System
Raspbian (Linux) WIN2K, XP, VISTA, WIN7, MAC, LINUX
—
Interface
4x USB 2.0, mini HDMI, micro usb, guide 10, Ethernet, 16 pin ribbon USB 2.0
16 pin ribbon
Max Image Size
— —
5MP
File Type
— —
jpg, png, tiff,
Visual Support
— —
1090p30, 720p60, and 640x480p60/90 video recording
Note
— —
IR filter removed
APPENDIX
The AVN communicates directly with a configured base station by way of files shared within a Wi-Fi network WORKGROUP.
The AVN deposits captured images and details relating to the audio capture into the shared folder within the WORKGROUP with a naming structure relating to the format of the file, time, date, and trigger event. It reads the shared Instruction file and responds accordingly.
The Base Station retrieves the deposited AV files, relocating them to internal memory, and erases them from the WORKGROUP to free up space for further data acquisition. It writes to the instruction file based on input from a user.
In the event of a communication or operational error, the AVN creates an additional ERROR file within the shared WORKGROUP with a report of the discrepancy.
CONTROL CONDITIONS
The format of the instruction file will be (.txt), and will consist of a string of characters. Each character will correspond to ‘capture mode’, ‘frame rate’, ‘image file format’, and ‘threshold level’, respectively. Each character will be alphanumeric and sequentially represent an option, which will be interpreted internally by the AV node. If the file is being attempted to read and write simultaneously, or should the AVN be unable to access the instruction set, it will continue with its previous set of instructions and continue checking for access to the file. If the AVN is unable to access the instruction file for longer than 5 minutes, it will create an error report within the shared WORKGROUP folder noting the issue.
A/V DATA
Visual data will be stored in the WORKGROUP folder as .jpg by default, or as an alternate format if directed by the Base Station. The audio data will be stored as a .txt file containing an ordered string of characters representing ‘event duration’, ‘envelope’, and ‘source direction’. Both audio and visual data files will possess a naming structure relating to the format of the file, time, date, and the trigger event.