1. How did Germany and Japan become so strong before and during WWII, and how were they defeated?2. How did the Cold War emerge, and what were the main features of the Cold War?
3. How have the Eastern Bloc countries (such as Russia, East Germany etc.) met the challenges of postcommunist reconstruction, both politically and economically?
4. What are the main challenges to Europe today, and how has history shaped how Europeans might respond to them?