II) In a well-written, reasoned, and organized essay, please address one (1) of the following questions. This should be at least three (3) full pages.

A) Some scholars say that the environment (geography and natural resources) has the single most important impact on the development of civilization. Do you think this is accurate? Discuss this question by using at least three of the following civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, China, Greece, Incas, or Rome. Provide specific examples.

B) Why do civilizations create empires? Were the strategies and policies leaders employed to conquer lands and assemble empires the same as those they used to administer and maintain empires? Why were some empires more successful and enduring than others? Cite specific examples from at least three empires (choose from: the Assyrian Empire, Persian Empire, Alexander’s Empire, Qin Empire, Han Empire, Roman Empire, Incan Empire). Provide specific examples.
Format and Instructions

The textbook, notes, and class discussion are the only things needed to take this exam.
These do not need to be sourced. If you decide to use an outside source, the outside source MUST be cited.

The exam should be done in 10 or 12 font. Starting half down the page, large spaces between paragraphs, the question taking up half a page, etc. will result in a lower grade.

will only read and grade the first ten identifications and the first essay. Any additional work done will NOT be graded.

Bullet points are NOT acceptable. Bullet points will result in a failing grade.

Since you have more than one week to complete the test, any exam submitted late will result in a grade of F.

The exam MUST be uploaded into Canvas.

Only text files or word documents will be accepted. If I cannot open your exam, the grade of F will be assigned.