A Study of the Effects of Technology in Parenting Style among Malaysian ParentsCONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

(a) Background of study
(b) Problem statement
(c) Research question
(d) Study Objectives
(e) Study contribution
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

(a) Review of literature
(b) Concepts and theory
(c) Conceptual framework
CHAPTER 3: METHODLOGY

(a) Research design
(b) Sample and sampling instrument
(c) Research method
(i) Data collection
(ii) Data analysis
(iii) Study plan (Gantt chart)
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0: Introduction
Introductory chapter is the important part of any story books, assignment, journals and proposal. This chapter focuses on the background of the study, problem statement, hypotheses, research questions, research objectives and purpose of the study. Again, the chapter deals with the significance, scope and limitations of study. Lastly, the chapter will outline on how the thesis is organized under various chapters.
1.1: Background of study
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is a well-known philosopher who introduced the theory of human evolution from apes. Evolution means development from one to another to form better qualities. According to The Free Dictionary, defined evolution as a progressive process in which something changes into an alternate and generally more unpredictable or better frame. Changes in olden day medicine with green leaves and modern medicine in tablet form are one of the examples of evolution. From the given example, we can say that evolution not only take place to human body but surroundings, what we eat, what we use, and our thinking pattern too. As a result, changes are very important for every human being to grow and prosper. When humans discover changes in their life, the same changes happened to information technology field where, it became one of the hot topics all over the world.
The idea on development of technology in Malaysia was initiated by Dr. Tun Mahathir Muhammad in 1991, which set visions to be achieved by 2020 to help the mankind to increase productivity in daily life and also economic growth. The rapid growth of technology produce numerous devices like iPad, iPhones, tablets, computers and video games helpful divert the lifestyle of human being into different level. Although, technology developed to bring positive output in humans life still the negative impacts are uncountable too. Children of today belong to the Technology Generation (Jukes & Dosaj, 2006; Robinson & Stubberud, 2012). Information technology becomes a part of their life even when they are very young and has a deep influence during the growth years (Chou, 2012b; Wood, 2005; Yeh et al., 2011; Yu, 2009). For instance, 2 years toddler operating hand phones and tablets, playing games, watching videos in YouTube, 9 years old child has an account in Facebook, whatsapp account and Instagram. Lately, we can see more issues coming up in social media, newspapers, and magazines regarding children addiction towards social media, behavioural problems in school, poor education and health problems too. For instance, “Gaming is the predominant problem,” Dr. Kimberly Young, a psychologist and expert on Internet addiction, told CBS News. Moreover, school students engaging into sexual activities also keep increasing. JAMA journal (2016) has reported High school girls who used intrauterine devices and implants for long-acting reversible contraception were less likely to also use condoms compared with girls who used oral contraceptives clearly shows advancement of teenagers and their behavioural problems.
The sudden increase in children behavioural problem, technology development and parenting styles are interconnected. Parents are playing major role in the development of child where they are the child’s first foremost teacher, guider, counselor and nurturers. Not only is that, parents the committed souls, who give up their entire solaces, extravagance, feelings and health for the achievement and prosperity of their kids. In this way, today in the time of psychology and democracy we frequently discuss child rearing. Parents are in charge of giving the essential assets to their kids, those are the fundamental needs. They are likewise in charge of giving mental, sociological and cultural support and training to their upcoming generations. The development of child starts from home and that’s where they develop their good and bad characteristics. Before going in depth, it is important to know about what is parenting and styles used in child rearing. According to Huxley (2001) defined parenting styles as a way of parents express their beliefs about how to be good or bad by adopting parenting styles learned from their parents as they don’t have experience in child rearing and believe their parents way of parenting is always correct. However, not all the parents are following their parent’s way of parenting when they find their style is ineffective. In other words, parenting style is a pattern of attitudes that parents exhibit toward upbringing of their children (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Baumrind (1971; 1989) discovered two major dimensions: control and warmth. Parental warmth refers to the degree to which parents are accepting and responsive to their children behavior, from being responsive and accepting (warm) to unresponsive and rejecting (cold). Where else, parenting control refers to the degree to which parents deal with their children’s behavior, from being very controlling to undemanding. When these two aspects are combined, four primary parenting styles emerge. They are Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive and Neglectful.
Authoritarian parents establish strict rules and expect their child to follow the rules. Failure to do so will result in punishment. Where else, Authoritative parents offer rules with negotiation, corrective guidance and nurturance. Thirdly, Permissive parents give involvement without guidance, no rules and have very few demands to make of their children. Finally, Neglectful parents have a few demands, low responsiveness and little communication with their children.
In the popular press, much is made about how new advanced innovations, for example, iPads and cell phones are reforming family life. Youngsters and folks alike now have a developing stream of new innovative assets readily available, offering expanded open doors for engagement, entertainment, and training. Be that as it may, while accounts about families and media flourish, experimental proof on national patterns is much harder to drop by. Therefore, with this scenario in mind, I decide to look into the effects of how parents are joining new advanced technologies(iPads,smartphones) and additionally more seasoned media stages (TV, computer games, and PCs) into their family lives and child rearing practices.
1.2: Problem Statement
Like elsewhere in the world, Malaysian parents are facing a lot of challenges raising their children with technology. There are numerous effects present from the development of technology. They are, teenage pregnancy, drug addicts,
1.3: Research questions
1.4: Study Objectives
Various current issues came into my mind while considering which aspect of my research should focus on – problems about human relationship, psychological disorders, stress, poor eating habits leading to obesity and depression. After fully evaluating each and every issue that came into my mind, I eventually picked the issue on effects of technology in parenting styles among Malaysia parents as my research study over others. My objectives in picking this topic as my research study are:
Objectives:
1) To study effects of technology on effective parenting on various demographic factors.
2) To identify the best parenting style for current generation children in Malaysia
3) To study the relationship between technology and effectiveness on parenting styles
4) To identify the link between effective parenting and academic achievement of child with development of technology
5) To study the relationship between technologies, effective parenting styles and child behaviour in education.
1.5: Study Contribution